语序类型学与汉语“把”字句语序研究述评

“把”字句是汉语中一种重要的句法结构,自黎锦熙以来汉学界对此进行了多方位的研究。文章仅就国内外与“把”字句语序有关的研究进行梳理,指出国内早期的“提宾”说及现代语言类型学背景下汉语SOV论的问题所在。     

以类型学的眼光看“粤”作句首语气词的消失

以"粤"为例,考察"粤"作句首语气词出现过的文献及其年代,试图探讨古汉语句首语气词消失的年代及其原因;通过了解汉语语气词的本质,以类型学的眼光看待古代汉语的这一特殊现象,对语言的共性作初步的探讨。     

地方高校科技创新能力评价与诊断方法刍议

本文从地方高校科技创新能力内涵入手,分析了地方高校科技创新能力的诊断类型,并着重论述了地方高校科技创新能力的诊断方法——基于正态分布的统计分析法,针对该评价与诊断方法给出了实施的具体步骤和分析的基本思路,对研究地方高校科技创新能力建设提供数据分析和管理决策方法支持。     

以词汇为例谈语言类型学视角下的英语学习策略

英语学习是我国费时低效的二语学习。英语词汇的繁多和记忆的相对困难，成了很多中国英语习得者学习中的瓶颈。本文以词汇为例，从语言类型学的视角，分析英汉词汇中共性与差异。帮助英语教育者和学习者领会英汉语言学习的迁移，提高英语教与学的有效性。     

公示语的应用示意功能与汉英翻译的新原则

公示语是国际化都市、国际旅游目的地语言环境?人文环境的重要组成。公示语具有指示性、提示性、限制性、强制性和宣传性五种应用示意功能。以德国功能翻译理论家卡塔琳娜·莱思(Katharina Reiss)的文本类型学(text typology)为理论框架,尝试性的提出了公示语汉英翻译的新原则。公示语按其不同的文本功能可分为信息型、表情型、祈使型和复合功能型,翻译时应先分析其文本类型和功能,根据不同类型选择对应的翻译原则为指导,力图得出最佳翻译效果。     

The English Translation of Arabic Puns in the Holy Quran

The pun is a tricky use of a word or phrase which has very different meanings that are closely interrelated, or of words with the same sound but different meanings. The Pun is a term with a dual meaning: “close” using obvious reference, and “far” using obscure reference. The hidden is usually meant. The close meaning is the sooner that comes to the listener’s mind. However, the speaker targets at the far one yet use the close to hide it. Translating the Quran text always raises several serious challenges in translation; these challenges are due to the different translations of puns and the misinterpretations between the intended meanings of a pun with their basic concepts, which could result in a certain amount of ambiguity. The study examines the Quranic corpus and its three versions of English translations. The study utilizes the typology of Delabastita?s for horizontal puns, Nida’s techniques of dynamic and formal equivalent and Newmark’s translation methods. This research attempts to investigate the semantic meaning of puns in the Quran translation and to define the translation techniques applied in translating the Quranic puns from Arabic into English.     

世界诸语言的新类型学研究

一种新的语言类型学研究是基于美国J.H.格林伯格的《某些主要和语序有关的语法普遍现象》。《世界语言概要》一书介绍了世界诸语言的新语言类型学分类。本文也分析了汉语这一方面的情况。     

It ain't just what you do and the way that you do it: why discourse matters in higher education communities of practice

A number of Australian universities have established and sponsored interdisciplinary communities of practice (CoPs) to develop teaching and learning. CoPs are popularly defined as groups of people who share a passion for something and, together, learn how to do it better. Without further specification, this definition is of limited use in understanding intentionally established CoPs in higher education settings. The term CoP is used and applied in a range of ways in higher education and has been accompanied by some scholarly debate about the meaning and relevance of CoPs to academe. The prevalent response to such debate has been to propose typologies. While typology can be useful, epistemology and discourse are also significant in understanding and developing higher education CoPs. In this paper I focus on discourse surrounding CoPs as a conceptual and developmental factor which has been insufficiently considered in the literature on higher education CoPs. I draw on findings from interviews with 33 CoP members and facilitators in three Australian universities. My findings indicate that discourse surrounding CoPs is significant in shaping notions of participatory value. Connecting with the literature, my findings also reveal a ‘big D’ Discourse of collegiality whereby CoPs offer social support and knowledge sharing to build capacity, as well as spaces in which a collegial academic identity can thrive. This coincides in complex and unpredictable ways with a Discourse of managerialism. I conclude that discourse should supplement typology and epistemology in adaptively shaping understandings of contemporary higher education CoPs and their future development.     

语言类型学框架下壮语和英语的数-分类词分析

近年来,运用语言学理论研究少数民族语言受到越来越多学者的聚焦与关注,原因在于进行跨语言对比、分析的语言类型学研究取得了丰硕的成果.从语言类型学的角度,探讨壮语与英语一些重要的数-分类词,可揭示与理顺壮语与英语之间存在的个性与共性,从深层次挖掘壮、英语之间的量词系统下所蕴藏的语义系统.     

论后置情态词“得”

位于动词之后的情态词“得”,表达可能情态,虽然与不表情态的结构助词“得”的来源相同,产生的时间相同,在语法化斜坡上处于相同的点,但它们产生的句型和句法机制不同,因此,它们在语法化斜坡上的点是两个点的重合。后置情态词“得”让汉语产生的表可能的补语类型,使汉藏语系形成不多见的共同语序结构,并且与其它语系区别开来。