国内外英语自主学习环境比较——探索我国大学英语自主学习模式

本文从自主学习的缘起分析自主学习在国外赖以存在的环境,通过比较国内外自主学习环境,提出在中国国情下,大学英语既要重视学习方法的引导和培养,也要重视语言知识的传授和积累。既要尊重个性的自由,也要重视个性的引导。我国高校应进一步强化课堂教学的职能,采取课内指导和课外实践相结合的自主学习模式,分阶段、分层次培养自主学习能力。     

“Springing from a sense of wonder”: classroom film and cultural learning in the 1930s

Abstract

This article makes an “exercise in the archaeology of education” and focuses on the City of Birmingham (UK) in the year 1935 where the Education Committee allowed an experiment on the use of classroom film in senior elementary schools. Arrangements were made to provide projectors, films, operators, and screens for a series of exhibits at 80 schools. The aim of the experiment was to test the value of cinema for class teaching purposes. This article argues that this experiment with sound film could equally be considered an experiment in cultural learning. The first section describes the experiment and the local context in which it took place. The second section broadens the perspective by providing context beyond the local level that puts the experiment in time and place. The third and final section picks up on some of the findings of the first two sections and considers contemporary sources, mainly articles published in the British Film Institute’s film magazine Sight and Sound, as well as recent scholarship on both educational and documentary film in order to discuss the notions of “background” and “excursive” film and to show that the experiment was a genuine adventure in cultural learning.     

An analysis of burnout and job satisfaction among Turkish special school headteachers and teachers,and the factors effecting their burnout and job satisfaction

This study explores issues of burnout and job satisfaction among special school headteachers and teachers in Turkey. The purpose of the study is to determine whether there is a difference between headteachers' and teachers' burnout and job satisfaction in terms of work status, gender and work experiences, and to analyse the factors effecting their burnout and job satisfaction. In this paper, a quantitative approach has been used: 295 subjects (33 special school headteachers and 262 special school teachers) responded to the survey. As the research instruments, the Job Satisfaction Scale and Maslach Burnout Inventory were used to measure job satisfaction and burnout levels in terms of the dimensions of emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment. The study results indicated that special school headteachers felt less personal accomplishment than special school teachers. However, there were no significant differences between headteachers and teachers on two burnout dimensions, namely emotional exhaustion and depersonalization, and job satisfaction. In terms of gender, males have less emotional exhaustion and personal accomplishment but higher depersonalization than their female counterparts. Females have higher job satisfaction than their male counterparts. In relation to their work experiences, more experienced subjects have higher emotional exhaustion and depersonalization than their less experienced colleagues, and also less job satisfaction than less experienced counterparts. However, more experienced subjects who participated in the study felt higher personal accomplishment than the others.     

关于民族院校《民族民间文学》翻转课堂教学若干问题的思考

以教师讲授为主的传统《民族民间文学》课程教学亟需改革。民族学院《民族民间文学》翻转课堂教学实践不仅能激发学生学习兴趣、培养学生自主学习能力、提升课程教学质量,也能深化学生对其他民族民间文学及文化的了解,充分实现少数民族民间文学的“多元文化”教育理念。在课程翻转课堂教学实践中,诸如教师工作量的投入与产出的不确定性、对学生学习评价的客观性、有效性等现实问题也应该引起我们的思考。     

多媒体教学的课堂设计

在课堂这程中,教学设计时时处处都在起着作用,本文重点阐述了多媒体教学模式下课堂教学设计的基本特点、基本原则及设计的基本方法和步骤。     

教师课堂教学行为对差生学业发展的影响

教师的课堂教学行为对差生学业成绩影响很大,不管是积极的,还是消极的,教师都要慎重行事.教师有必要清楚教师课堂教学行为与教师教育观念的关系,以及教师对不同差生应付诸的行为.     

Rural classroom environments as contexts for teacher-child relationships

The authors examined the associations between observed classroom management and teacher-child relationships with individual children during kindergarten and Grade 1. We used a sample of nonstruggling and struggling readers and their teachers in rural schools in the Southeastern United States to examine whether gender and struggling reader status explained associations between classroom management and conflictual or close teacher-child relationships. After controlling for child- and teacher-level characteristics, results from multilevel model analyses indicated that stronger classroom management was significantly related to less teacher-rated conflict, but was not related to teacher-rated closeness. Gender was a significant moderator, with boys who were in classrooms with lower levels of classroom management having poorer teacher-child relationships as rated by their teachers. Struggling reader status was not a significant moderator of the association between classroom management and teacher-child relationships.     

浅析数学教学中的课堂语言

本文通过剖析数学教学中的课堂语言,揭示了课堂教学语言在培养学生思维、分析和判断等能力,以及在激发学生学习兴趣、吸引注意力等方面所起到的举足轻重的作用,提出了教师在数学教学活动中课堂语言需达到“六有”。     

提高多媒体教室音质与图像清晰度的探讨

多媒体教室的音质与图像清晰度,直接影响着教学信息的传递和教学的质量。如何获得理想的听音效果,既能保证语言的清晰度,又能保证音乐、效果声的保真度;如何最大限度地提高图像清晰度。文章从声学设计、音响系统设计与配接、视频系统的选型与配接等方面进行了探讨。     

The role of perceived classroom goal structures,self-efficacy,and engagement in student science achievement

Background: Numerous studies have been conducted to investigate the factors related to science achievement. In these studies, the classroom goal structure perceptions, engagement, and self-efficacy of the students have emerged as important factors to be examined in relation to students’ science achievement.

Purpose: This study examines the relationships between classroom goal structure perception variables (motivating tasks, autonomy support, and mastery evaluation), engagement (behavioral, emotional, cognitive, and agentic engagement), self-efficacy, and science achievement.

Sample: The study participants included 744 seventh-grade students from 9 public schools in two districts of Gaziantep in Turkey.

Design and methods: Data were collected through the administration of four instruments: Survey of Classroom Goals Structures, Engagement Questionnaire, Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire, and Science Achievement Test. The obtained data were subjected to path analysis to test the proposed model.

Results: Students’ perceptions of classroom goal structures (i.e. motivating tasks, autonomy support, and mastery evaluation) were found to be significant predictors of their self-efficacy. Autonomy support was observed to be positively linked to all aspects of engagement, while motivating tasks were found to be related only to cognitive engagement. In addition, mastery evaluation was shown to be positively linked to engagement variables, except for cognitive engagement, and self-efficacy and engagement (i.e. behavioral, emotional, and cognitive engagement) were observed to be significant predictors of science achievement. Finally, results revealed reciprocal relations among engagement variables, except for agentic engagement.

Conclusions: Students who perceive mastery goal structures tend to show higher levels of engagement and self-efficacy in science classes. The study found that students who have high self-efficacy and who are behaviorally, emotionally, and cognitively engaged are more successful in science classes. Accordingly, it is recommended that science teachers utilize inquiry-based and hands-on science activities in science classes and focus on the personal improvement of the students. Furthermore, it is also recommended that they provide students with opportunities to make their own choices and decisions and to control their own actions in science classes.