土地经营对中国城市空间扩张的驱动机制——基于273个地级市的实证分析

分税制改革后,地方政府采取"以地生财、以财养地"的城市土地经营模式,凭借土地出让获取土地收益,并用于城市基础设施等城市建设投资,以推动城市经济发展,但土地经营对城市规模的空间扩张机制仍有待理清.基于地方政府土地收益和城市建设投资两个维度,本文构建了中国地方政府土地经营驱动的城市空间扩张理论逻辑,选择2003-2017年...     

城市优质品牌资源对经济效率的影响

品牌资源作为最重要的软环境要素之一,对提升城市竞争力与促进高质量发展具有重要意义。本文以世界品牌实验室《中国500最具价值品牌》榜单为基础,以上榜品牌所在城市为研究对象,建立2005—2016年的面板数据,利用双向固定效应模型实证探究了城市优质品牌资源对经济效率的影响。结果显示：①城市优质品牌资源能够促进生产性服务业集聚、提高对外合作水平和创新水平,进而提高城市经济效率,尤其是纯技术效率;②第二产业的优质品牌资源对城市经济效率有促进作用但不显著,第三产业的优质品牌资源能够显著促进城市经济效率提高,而且生产性服务业的优质品牌资源比生活性服务业的优质品牌资源更能促进城市经济效率的提高;③同样的品牌资源规模下,增加品牌数量不能显著提高城市经济效率,而打造优质品牌多样化则有利于城市经济效率提高。本文结果有助于深入了解品牌资源驱动城市经济效率的机制与结果,并为进一步培育优质品牌资源、提高城市经济效率提供借鉴。     

中国城市蔓延对绿色全要素生产率的影响

提高城市发展质量是现阶段经济高质量发展的应有之义,中国城镇化进程中的城市蔓延已成为影响城市高质量发展的重要因素。本文利用2004—2017年中国285个地级及其以上城市面板数据,实证考察了城市蔓延与绿色全要素生产率之间异质性关系。研究发现：①城市适度蔓延对绿色全要素生产率起显著提升作用,蔓延过度则呈现抑制效应或者影响不明显;②就人口集聚的区域差异而言,城市蔓延对东部地区促进作用突出,而对中西部地区更多表现出抑制效应;③此外,随着经济超过最优集聚区间,两者之间的反方向关联变为同向关系,进一步发现,两者之间显著存在基于制造业集聚的“倒U型”门槛效应,而在服务业集聚程度较高的城市,城市蔓延的促进效应并不显著。本文深化了对城市蔓延影响城市绿色发展基本规律的认识和理解,为城市高质量发展的“顶层设计”提供了有益的参考,对中国正在推进的以中心城市引领城市群和新型城镇化战略也有着启示意义。     

风电上网电价政策地区差异及其产业效应

风力发电是发展新能源产业的重要任务之一,而国家对风力发电进行补贴的上网电价政策是促进风电产业发展的重要举措。分析上网电价政策的实施情况及其产业效应,对于有效落实政策、促进风电产业高质量发展具有重要意义。本文引入政策文本分析方法,从政策实施时间、政策数量、政策相似度多个角度量化评价上网电价政策实施的地区差异。然后,从资源区和省份两个层面,建立多水平模型分析上网电价政策的产业效应。结果表明：①不同资源区和省份实施风电上网电价政策的情况不同,多数属于国家发改委划分的第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类资源区的省份,风电上网电价政策实施情况较好,政策发布较早、数量较多,而且政策具有针对性。②风电上网电价政策产生了显著的产业效应,而且政策实施时间越早、数量越多、政策相似度越低,越有利于风电产业发展。但是,这些政策变量对不同地区的风电产业发展的影响程度不同。政策实施时间、政策数量对风能资源丰富区的风电产业发展影响较大,政策相似度对风电发展模式不完全成熟的地区的风电产业发展影响较大。因此,各个省份应该尽早实施上网电价政策,并结合地区差异针对性地多发布政策,从而利用政府政策有序推进风电产业发展。     

教师在新课改语文课堂中角色定位浅探

新一轮课改在我省全面展开,引发了教师在课改的课堂上处于什么样的地位,扮演什么角色的思考。明确教师在课堂的角色和地位,将有利于课堂教学的顺利实施。给课改教学中教师担任的角色作一个定位,使教师在课堂教学中充分发挥其主观能动性,从而有效地提高教学质量。     

Compatibility and Complementarity of Classroom Ecology and Didactique Research Perspectives in Physical Education

ABSTRACT

A large diversity of theoretical frameworks exists in the physical education literature. This article focuses on two of those frameworks to examine their compatibility and their complementarity. The classroom ecology paradigm concentrates on the balance between three task systems, two vectors, and programs of actions proposed by the physical education teacher and negotiated by students. The didactique research program studies the teaching and learning processes using the concepts of didactic contract and didactic milieu that focus on how the knowledge content emerges within teacher and students’ joint action. The article underlines the complementarity and the compatibility of the two frameworks when analyzing teaching and learning in physical education. It argues that the gray areas left by the classroom ecology paradigm could be filled with the insights of the didactique research program. A concise example of how the two frameworks have already been utilized is presented.     

Empowerment and relationships: A classroom model to enhance student motivation

This project focused on the goal of establishing a classroom model of motivation in which the source of student motivation is based on internal mechanisms or structures, along with the establishment of greater self-regulatory opportunities for students, and which results in greater student empowerment and motivation. One-hundred current elementary and secondary teachers and 100 university preservice teacher education students completed a 40-item Likert-type questionnaire that focused on four classroom dimensions of affirmation, rejection, student empowerment and teacher control. The results of this project suggested that, although veteran and preservice teachers agreed on the need for teacher control in the classroom, there was less agreement about their perceptions of the need to create a classroom environment of positive affirmation and student empowerment. Implications for future research and the need for creating an affirming, empowering, motivational classroom environment are discussed in light of the limitations for teachers and schools to encourage these constructs associated with recent federal legislative policies.     

情景导入法及其在语文课堂教学中的运用

情景导入法是一种有效的教学导入方法,这种导入方法有自身的内涵、特点和功能,并以其运用方式的不同分为不同的类型。教师在运用情景导入法时应遵循如下原则：情景导入法要与语文教学内容相符,与学生的心理特点相符,与客观教学条件相符。     

The development of the classroom social climate during the first months of the school year

In this study the mean stability of classroom social climates during the first months of the school year and the deviation of individual classrooms (N = 48) and students (N = 1208) from this general trend were investigated by taping students’ interpersonal perceptions of their teachers. Multilevel growth modeling was used to identify the average development of the classroom social climate and between classroom and student differences in terms of this development. While significant differences between classrooms and students were found, these differences were rather stable over time. Most classrooms showed a slightly u-shaped trajectory. In only very few classrooms the quality of the social climate had increased at the end of the research period as compared to the very first lesson. Differences in the development between classrooms were associated to the emotional distance between teacher and students during the first lesson of the school year.     

Changes in the Multi‐Level Effects of Socio‐Economic Status on Reading Achievement in Sweden in 1991 and 2001

This study examines the changes in educational inequality at the school‐ and individual‐levels in 1991 and 2001. Comparisons are made between the IEA Reading Literacy Study 1991 and the so called 10‐Year Trend Study in PIRLS 2001. The between‐school differences in reading achievement variance and the size of the relationship between SES and reading achievement at school‐level are the two main focuses. Applying a two‐level structural equation modeling technique, it was found that the between‐school differences in reading achievement were greater in RLS 2001 than in RLS 1991, and the school SES effect has been strengthened over time. These changes indicate that educational inequality in Sweden has increased over time. Some possible explanations to these changes are discussed with reference to school reforms and demographic changes.