If you Build it,They Won’t Come: What Motivates Employees to Create and Share Tagged Content: A Theoretical Model and Empirical Validation

The purpose of this paper is to investigate factors influencing employees’ knowledge-sharing behavior on social tagging supported systems. Using the strong theoretical background of the well-known technology acceptance model (TAM), this paper proposes and empirically validates a model that fits the social and technical nature of social tagging tools within the public sector. The analyses in this paper were based on data collected from a large survey of more than 480 respondents working for two public organizations in the United States. The findings demonstrate a significant impact of the role of social presence in encouraging employees to create and share content. Further, there is a strong relationship between the benefits employees receive from using tagging tools and their creation and sharing of tagged content. Specifically, the following factors showed a significant impact on employees’ creation and sharing behavior, specifically their attitudes towards and intentions to create and share tags: perceived ease of use, perceived usefulness, social presence, and pro-sharing norms. For researchers, the paper offers an opportunity to further study knowledge-sharing behavior regarding social media technologies. The findings should motivate practitioners to inject these tools with a social aspect so that employees are encouraged to share content.     

熵、人类和自然

“熵”是系统混乱度的量度,“负熵”是系统有序性的量度。“熵”理论在宇宙具有普遍指导意义,要维持系统的稳定性,需要有一定的“负熵”。人类社会和自然环境要达到长久和谐发展,必须减少自然环境熵增,减少对自然环境负熵流的攫取。     

德育教育要做到敢于实践

德育工作是一门实践性很强的工作。实践性是学校德育工作的生命,离开了实践,德育工作会成为无源之水、无本之木,也就失去了生命力,只有把德育工作植根于丰富的实践之中,才有旺盛的生命力。德育工作没有固定的模式,全靠我们大胆地去试、去闯。多年来,笔者以很大精力投入于学校德育工作实践,先后进行了少则数小时、多达数年的德育工作实验。归纳起来,主要是围绕着对学生思想道德素质的培养,组织、指导学生进行道德实践,指导学生在假期社会实践等几方面做一些尝试。     

Encapsulating metal organic framework into hollow mesoporous carbon sphere as efficient oxygen bifunctional electrocatalyst

Applying metal organic frameworks (MOFs) in electrochemical systems is a currently emerging field owing to the rich metal nodes and highly specific surface area of MOFs. However, the problems for MOFs that need to be solved urgently are poor electrical conductivity and low ion transport. Here we present a facile in situ growth method for the rational synthesis of MOFs@hollow mesoporous carbon spheres (HMCS) yolk–shell-structured hybrid material for the first time. The size of the encapsulated Zeolitic Imidazolate Framework-67 (ZIF-67) is well controlled to 100 nm due to the spatial confinement effect of HMCS, and the electrical conductivity of ZIF-67 is also increased significantly. The ZIF@HMCS-25% hybrid material obtained exhibits a highly efficient oxygen reduction reaction activity with 0.823 V (vs. reversible hydrogen electrode) half-wave potential and an even higher kinetic current density (J_K = 13.8 mA cm⁻²) than commercial Pt/C. ZIF@HMCS-25% also displays excellent oxygen evolution reaction performance and the overpotential of ZIF@HMCS-25% at 10 mA cm⁻² is 407 mV. In addition, ZIF@HMCS-25% is further employed as an air electrode for a rechargeable Zn–air battery, exhibiting a high power density (120.2 mW cm⁻² at 171.4 mA cm⁻²) and long-term charge/discharge stability (80 h at 5 mA cm⁻²). This MOFs@HMCS yolk–shell design provides a versatile method for the application of MOFs as electrocatalysts directly.     

The neural bases of vitality forms

Unlike emotions, which are short-lasting events accompanied by viscero-motor responses, vitality forms are continuous internal states that modulate the motor behaviors of individuals and are devoid of the autonomic modifications that characterize real emotions. Despite the importance of vitality forms in social life, only recently have neurophysiological studies been devoted to this issue. The first part of this review describes fMRI experiments, showing that the dorso-central insula is activated during the execution, the perception and the imagination of arm actions endowed with different vitality forms as well as during the hearing and the production of speech conveying vitality forms. In the second part, we address the means by which the dorso-central insula modulates the networks for controlling action execution and how the sensory and interoceptive information is conveyed to this insular sector. Finally, we present behavioral data showing the importance of vitality forms in social interactions.     

黄河流域河源区土地利用变化及其影响研究综述

黄河流域河源区是国家生态屏障和“中华水塔”的重要组成部分,是生态保护优先的践行区。本文梳理了近40年来对黄河流域河源区土地利用格局和过程研究的相关文献,从土地利用现状、变化、效应及政策启示等方面进行了全面分析。研究发现：①黄河流域河源区土地利用格局相对稳定,草地面积占绝对优势。2000年是土地利用及其效应变化的重要转折点。2000年之前,草地、林地和湿地等生态用地减少,草地退化、沙化、土壤侵蚀等效应加剧。2000年之后,生态用地增加,植被指数增加,生态系统逐渐向良性方向转变,碳汇功能增强。②生态工程实施和气候变化使该区域土地利用及其效应极具复杂性。整体上土地退化面积有所减少,程度趋缓,草畜基本实现平衡。东部河湟谷地耕地面积减少,集约度提高,种植结构逐步优化;但局部恶化的态势依旧严峻,土壤侵蚀尤其高寒地带的冻融侵蚀加剧。建议应加强土地利用格局变化的影响因素、土地利用变化的生态效应以及生态保育区溢出价值与自然资产的评估研究,为黄河流域河源保护区可持续发展以供有力的科技支撑。     

社会规范、社会监督对农村人居环境整治参与意愿与行为的影响——基于广义连续比模型的实证分析

农户参与农村人居环境整治的意愿与行为是农村环境改善最为直接的动力,也是实现农村生态宜居和生态文明制度改革细则出台的重要依据。为细致探究农户参与农村人居环境整治的意愿与行为,本文基于社会规范和社会监督的视角,利用西藏707户调查数据,运用广义连续比模型,通过对样本数据分组,综合分析了农户人居环境整治参与意愿、行为及意愿与行为一致性的影响因素。结果显示：①农户具有参与农村人居环境整治意愿的占比略超过一半（51.77%）,但参与意愿与行为一致性较差;②邻居参与积极性、保洁员监督、村庄人居环境改善能减少疾病传播等因素对农户参与意愿与行为均产生显著的积极影响;③农户的文化程度、村民监督及政府宣传有利于农户参与意愿向参与行为转化。本文的研究结论支持了农村人居环境整治中政府主导、农户参与的整治模式,对推进农村人居环境整治具有一定的政策启示,同时对政府出台农村环境管理政策亦有一定的借鉴意义。     

差别定价的产业用地供应策略对产业结构升级的影响——基于中国277个城市的实证分析

“以地谋发展”模式下,地方政府主导土地配置,采取“低工业、高商住”的产业用地出让策略,实现了产业结构升级和经济增长的目标。然而,中国经济转型期,曾经推动产业结构升级的供地策略可能不再适应新时期发展要求。本文从理论出发,剖析地方政府供地逻辑,分析差别定价的产业用地供应策略在不同经济发展水平下对产业结构升级的影响差异,提出相应假说,基于门槛回归模型,并利用2011—2016年中国277个城市产业用地供应数据进行实证检验。结果表明,产业用地价格差异对产业结构升级的影响会随经济发展水平不同呈非线性关系,随着经济发展水平的提高,差别定价的产业用地供应策略对产业结构升级的影响效应将由正转负;产业用地供应向商住用地倾斜而产生的产业用地结构错配会显著抑制产业结构升级;提高土地出让市场化程度,降低土地财政依赖则有利于提升产业结构。据此本文建议,地方政府在制定产业用地供应策略时,要充分考虑所处的社会经济环境,而在参与土地市场活动时,要明确自身干预经济的局限性,更多地培育有效市场,注重提高土地市场化程度,避免过度依赖土地财政。     

新型智库社科人才作用发挥的结构困境与对策探讨

【目的/意义】人才是新型智库建设的基础,社科人才在新型智库建设中发挥着尤为重要的作用,我国新型 智库建设时间不长,在建设过程中普遍面临咨政人才短板之痛。【方法/过程】基于智库建设的空间场域,研究从静 态的社科人才布局结构和动态的运行管理与决策成果转化结构,分析社科人才发挥作用的深层机理和实践困境。 【结果/结论】研究指出,破解单一化、小规模、临时性的人才布局结构,弱团队、简易化、传统型的运行管理结构和同 部门、低影响、轻评价的成果转化结构等结构性问题,主要有三个方面的优化路径：一是理顺“智-研”关系,营造新 型智库社科人才发挥作用的独立空间;二是优化“主体-规模”结构,打造新型智库社科人才的咨政成果品牌;三是 推进 “要素-制度”创新,健全新型智库社科人才的绩效管理体系。     

工作情境下社会化媒体的多重采纳行为研究:S-O-R视角

【目的/意义】社会化媒体已经成为企业和组织工作中的一种新兴趋势,但少有研究在工作情境下探讨社会化媒体采纳的具体行为和其影响机制。【方法/过程】将工作情境下的社会化媒体使用行为分为强化使用和多样使用两类,以S-O-R理论为基础框架,结合技术接受模型和动机理论,构建工作中使用社会化媒体的两类动机及其对使用行为影响的研究模型,同时还讨论了惯性对意图与两类使用行为影响的调节作用。【结果/结论】通过实际工作中的问卷数据进行实证分析,研究结果表明:个人层面和任务层面的动机在使用者采纳社会化媒体中扮演着积极的角色;使用者的惯性确实能够调节意图与行为之间的关系。