高校青年教师应努力提升驾驭课堂的能力

针对一些高校青年教师缺乏助课环节及教学过程实践训练的现状,结合多年教学经验,探讨各种切实可行的方法,有利于高校青年教师驾驭课堂能力的提升,逐渐形成自己的教学特色,使他们尽快地成长为优秀的高校教师。     

浅谈体育教师的教学机智

本文就教学机智在体育教学中的应用问题，着重探讨了教学机智的内在能力组成和体育教学过程中的突发与应变，旨在提高体育教师的素质，改进教学方法，提高体育教学的科学性和艺术性。     

福建省高校教师利用文献信息资源情况的调查

从教师对图书馆的评价、获取信息的途径和能力、使用图书馆的目的、阅读倾向与方法等方面进行分析，总结出教师献需求的特点，列举了影响教师献需求的几个因素，指出图书馆应着力培养教师利用图书馆的意识，强化检索技能。     

基本体操教学对提高学生教学能力的研究

采用文献资料法和实验对比法对目前我院体育教育专业学生教学能力有所下降的问题进行了分析研究。提出了在课的准备部分追加基本体操教学实习，以提高学生的基本教学能力。     

杨威的全能实力分析

在第二十七届奥运会上 ,杨威与队友合力夺得了男子团体冠军 ,并取得了个人全能银牌。笔者对杨威与涅莫夫的六项成套动作、比赛发挥进行了比较和分析 ,探讨了他的优势与不足 ,证明他已经具备了相当的实力 ,在提高、完善技术和掌握新规则的基础上 ,完全有可能在新世纪里冲击 2 0 0 4年雅典奥运会全能金牌 ,成为继李宁、李小双之后我国新的世界全能之王。     

Mathematics achievement and mathematics learning strategies: Cognitive competencies and construct differentiation

Responding to a survey requires cognitive abilities similar to those for any other linguistic task. We argue that, when faced with a cognitively challenging task, individuals respond by simplifying the task, declining it, or performing it poorly. Using the 2003 Program for International Student Assessment (PISA 2003) data sets, we document that the extent of construct differentiation in students’ mathematics learning strategies is strongly associated with their level of mathematics achievement. Likewise, the higher the level of mathematics achievement, the lower is the probability of a non-response to the mathematics learning strategy questions. Finally, the higher the students’ level of mathematics achievement, the more varied were their responses to the learning strategies items. These associations were examined across 40 participating countries.     

Learning from direct instruction: Best prepared by several self-regulated or guided invention activities?

Learning from direct instruction can be enhanced by preparatory invention tasks: students invent an index that allows to differentiate a set of cases regarding important aspects (self-regulated). However, contradictory results have been found. As self-regulated activities often need practice, we tested whether the contradictory findings persist when students can practice inventing. We randomly assigned 99 eighth-grade students to two conditions (independent variable): they either invented twice (self-regulated; n = 49) or worked through worked solutions of the two tasks (guided; n = 50) before learning about ratios in physics from a lecture. Extraneous load, deep-structure recall, knowledge-gap perception, and self-efficacy were potential mediators. Transfer was the dependent measure. Guidance led to less extraneous load. However, self-regulation led to higher transfer because the students devoted more attention to the deep structure of the preparation tasks. Our findings suggest that—given some practice—self-regulated outperforms guided preparation for learning from direct instruction.     

Effects of performance feedback valence on perceptions of invested mental effort

We investigated whether the valence of performance feedback provided after a task, would affect participants’ perceptions of how much mental effort they invested in that same task. In three experiments, we presented participants with problem-solving tasks and manipulated the presence and valence of feedback between conditions (no, positive, or negative feedback valence), prior to asking them to rate how much mental effort they invested in solving that problem. Across the three experiments–with different problem-solving tasks and participant populations–we found that subjective ratings of effort investment were significantly higher after negative than after positive feedback; ratings given without feedback fell in between. These findings show that feedback valence alters perceived effort investment (possibly via task perceptions or affect), which can be problematic when effort is measured as an indicator of cognitive load. Therefore, it seems advisable to measure mental effort directly after each task, before giving feedback on performance.     

On the effects of motivation on reading performance growth in secondary school

This research aimed at identifying unique effects of reading motivation on reading performance when controlling for cognitive skills, familial, and demographic background. We drew upon a longitudinal sample of N = 1508 secondary school students from 5th to 8th grade. Two types of intrinsic reading motivation (reading enjoyment, reading for interest), one type of extrinsic reading motivation (competition), and reading self-concept were measured by self-report questionnaires. Cognitive skills (reasoning, decoding speed) and reading performance were assessed using standardized tests and background variables were collected using student and parent questionnaires. Applying latent growth curve modeling, positive unique effects of reading enjoyment and reading self-concept and a negative unique effect of competition on the initial level of reading performance were recorded. Moreover, a positive unique effect of reading for interest on reading performance growth was recorded. One may conclude that enhancing students’ interest might be fruitful in terms of nurturing reading performance.