Development of an alexithymia instrument to measure the diminished communication of affect

Although scholars recognize the importance of the communication of affect to the study of communication, no valid operationalization of the motivation and / or ability to communicate affect exists. This study describes alexithymia—an individual variable reflecting the reticence to communicate affect—and reports the reliability and validity of an instrument to measure alexithymia.     

An Examination of Aggression and Adaption Traits with Moral Foundation

ABSTRACT

Moral Foundation Theory forwards that morality is a traitlike disposition that guides one's behaviors, attitudes, and communication. This study examined the relationship between participants' moral foundations and their aggressive and adaptation communication traits. Results of this study suggest that the foundations that concern others (i.e., harm/care and fairness/reciprocity) were associated negatively to verbal aggressiveness, argumentativeness, and Machiavellianism and associated positively with responsiveness, assertiveness, and cognitive flexibility. The foundations that concern socially binding constructs (i.e., in-group/loyalty, authority/respect, and purity/sanctity) were negatively related to Machiavellianism and cognitive flexibility.     

Challenges and Opportunities Associated With Social Network Research: An Examination of Emergent Methodological Issues

Those who study social networks encounter an all-too-often conundrum in academia: the richness of data sets coupled with methodological complications. This article highlights three of the most salient issues facing social network scholars and potential ways of overcoming them. By discussing the quantitative measurement of the network in question, the specific variables under examination, and the overall goal(s) of the research project, readers will understand both the costs and rewards associated with an area of communication, psychology, and sociology scholarship that has existed and thrived for more than a half century.     

Cognitive processes related to counting in students with special educational needs

This study is aimed at the mechanisms used by students with an intellectual disability in the counting process. The assessment of the counting process is carried out through experimental tests inspired by the basic principles of Gelman and Gallistel, namely one‐to‐one, stable order, cardinality, abstraction and order irrelevance. This is a comparative study of participants with a developmental age of between 4 and 5 years, in two populations: a group of students with intellectual disability attending special education (SEN) schools, with chronological ages of between 8 and 12 years,whose developmental age was determined by the Cambrodí Dimensional Method, and another group of students without intellectual disability attending mainstream schools (MS). The data do not show significant differences between the one‐to‐one and stable order principles with respect to the variables MS and SEN, while significant differences are demonstrated for the principles of cardinality, abstraction and order irrelevance.     

Culturally Diverse Undergraduate Researchers’ Academic Outcomes and Perceptions of Their Research Mentoring Relationships

Few studies have empirically investigated the specific factors in mentoring relationships between undergraduate researchers (mentees) and their mentors in the biological and life sciences that account for mentees’ positive academic and career outcomes. Using archival evaluation data from more than 400 mentees gathered over a multi-year period (2005–2011) from several undergraduate biology research programs at a large, Midwestern research university, we validated existing evaluation measures of the mentored research experience and the mentor–mentee relationship. We used a subset of data from mentees (77% underrepresented racial/ethnic minorities) to test a hypothesized social cognitive career theory model of associations between mentees’ academic outcomes and perceptions of their research mentoring relationships. Results from path analysis indicate that perceived mentor effectiveness indirectly predicted post-baccalaureate outcomes via research self-efficacy beliefs. Findings are discussed with implications for developing new and refining existing tools to measure this impact, programmatic interventions to increase the success of culturally diverse research mentees and future directions for research.     

属性层级模型的简介与述评

属性层级模型是一种基于统计模式识别和分类的认知诊断模型。根据已确定的属性之间的层级关系,属性层级模型可以将被试在试题上的反应模式即观察反应模式划归为期望反应模式,以此得到被试的知识状态,进而能够对被试进行有效的、有针对性的补救。作为规则空间模型的重要变种,属性层级模型同样克服了标准测验理论单维性和只重视作答结果而忽视作答过程的考察分析的不足,且逻辑性更强,促进了教育和心理测量学的发展和分析。     

基于感知-认知因素的奥运会后北京旅游形象变化研究

旅游目的地形象是展现旅游目的地的品牌的最好形式,是一种旅游市场开发可以持续享用的资源。本研究在综合分析国内外旅游目的地形象研究成果的基础上,以入境旅游者的旅游感知形象、旅游认知形象为内容,对奥运会举办前和举办后的北京旅游形象进行了动态比较的实证分析。通过旅游者旅游感知形象、旅游认知形象的数据分析发现：北京的旅游感知形象有5个因子,即现代型、时尚型、活力型、便利型、安定型;旅游认知形象有4个因子,即旅游品质、景色与方便性、魅力性、舒适环境。通过t-test检验发现入境游客对北京的旅游感知形象、旅游认知形象均高于奥运会举办前,并且旅游感知形象的变化大于旅游认知形象的变化。     

A social status perspective of network utility over electronic channels in academic communities

Early research on the social implications of e-mail has promoted the role of electronic communication channels in fostering social equality and reducing gaps between the social classes. Follow-up studies, however, suggest that people continue to rely on social cues in electronic communication as a way of dealing with uncertainties and reducing feelings of discomfort associated with unfamiliar contexts. Based on a review of the Social Cognitive Theory, social status and electronic communication literatures, along with the results of a previous qualitative study, we propose a formal model that indicates how self-perceptions of social status are related to the use of e-mail and the acquisition of social resources over electronic channels. The model is tested using data collected from 206 faculty members in a major U.S. university. The empirical results support the proposed model implying that self-perceptions of social status influence social assertiveness, which in turn reinforces the use of e-mail to seek help and acquire social resources from others. The use of e-mail for the acquisition of social resources is associated with a socially diverse network whose contacts are perceived to acquire valuable information and to extend instrumental support for career development. Implications are drawn for both theory and practice.     

当代西方公民教育的模式

当代西方公民教育存在认知模式、情感模式和经验模式等三种模式。认知模式是通过课堂将公民知识交给学生;情感模式是培养学生作为公民的情感;经验模式是让学生通过民主参与,获得作为公民的经验。     

Investigation of behavior and perception of digital library users: A cognitive style perspective

Cognitive style is an influential factor in users’ information seeking. The study presented in this paper examines how users’ cognitive styles affect their behavior and perception in digital libraries. Fifty participants took part in this study. Two dimensions of cognitive styles were considered: (a) Field Dependence/Independence; (2) Verbalizer/Imager. The results showed that Intermediate users and Verbalizers have not only more positive perception, but they also complete the tasks in effective ways. Implications for the design of personalized digital libraries are also discussed.