Collaborative working in a large pharmaceutical company: Developing better practices through a structurational schema

This paper presents the ongoing case study of a large pharmaceutical organisation currently undertaking a number of changes to their work practices. These collaborative changes are being facilitated by groupware systems. In many instances this has led to the rejection of or resistance to the more complex tools. The paper outlines research, based on a perspective informed by structuration theory, that provides the organisation with an approach to supporting staff in this new ‘collaborative environment’. An example, drawn from the case study, shows how such support might be developed and presents a set of recommendations for supporting a particular group, based on this research schema.     

高校及科研院所机构协同创新绩效的影响因素研究——基于社会网络的视角

本文以联盟管理、社会网络理论为基础，以参与“2011计划”协同创新中心的合作单位为研究对象，从组织声誉、联盟经验和网络中心性三个维度，对高校、科研院所的产学研合作协同创新绩效的影响因素进行了研究。在对国内外相关理论研究进行梳理与回顾的基础上，提出研究问题并建立实证研究模型，并利用二手数据进行分析验证。最终得到以下结论：（1）高校及科研院所的组织声誉与协同创新绩效之间的关系不显著；（2）高校及科研院所的联盟经验与协同创新绩效之间存在显著的正相关关系；（3）高校及科研院所在协同创新合作网络中所处位置的中心性对其联盟经验与协同创新绩效之间的关系起部分中介作用；（4）政府合作对高校及科研院所在协同创新合作网络中所处位置的中心性与其创新绩效之间关系的调节作用不显著。     

Dependency, resource depth, and supplier performance during industry downturn

This paper examines the effects of supplier dependency and resource depth on the performance of telecommunications suppliers during an industry downturn. It is shown that the R&D carried out independently by a supplier relates positively to the technological depth of the supplier's offering, which is further positively linked to performance. In contrast, the dependency of a supplier shows a negative curvilinear relationship (inverted U) to performance. The research policy implication of our finding is that, in addition to collaborative R&D, a supplier should also be encouraged to initiate its own independent R&D in order to reduce the potential distress on the business during an industry downturn.     

Socially shared metacognition of dyads of pupils in collaborative mathematical problem-solving processes

This study investigated how metacognition appears as a socially shared phenomenon within collaborative mathematical word-problem solving processes of dyads of high-achieving pupils. Four dyads solved problems of different difficulty levels. The pupils were 10 years old. The problem-solving activities were videotaped and transcribed in terms of verbal and nonverbal behaviours as well as of turns taken in communication (N = 14 675). Episodes of socially shared metacognition were identified and their function and focus analysed. There were significantly more and longer episodes of socially shared metacognition in difficult as compared to moderately difficult and easy problems. Their function was to facilitate or inhibit activities and their focus was on the situation model of the problem or on mathematical operations. Metacognitive experiences were found to trigger socially shared metacognition.     

合作信息查寻与检索的知识共享模型

合作信息查寻与检索（CIS&R）是一种社会群体性的认知行为,其最终目标是满足用户理解和利用信息的需求,提高和完善用户的知识结构。在文献调研的基础上总结合作信息查寻与检索框架模型的两种构建方式：基于传统模型的扩展改善与基于特定领域的概括归纳。讨论该领域的知识共享研究现状,提出CIS&R的本质是知识共享过程。从情境及任务的视角出发,在社会认知观的指导下构建CIS&R知识共享模型,讨论该模型的4个主要构成要素：共享主体、共享客体、共享行为及共享情境。指出所构模型的局限性,展望基于该模型的进一步研究内容。图2。参考文献18。     

互联网用户协同创作与内容共享的活动系统研究

基于内容开放共享的互联网用户协同创作活动采取异步异地的工作模式、共享控制的管理模式以及实时反馈的协作策略。采用活动理论的研究框架和分析方法构建了互联网用户协同创作与内容共享的活动系统模型,并逐步分析其活动要素、子系统以及活动结构。定义并描述了主体、客体、社群三个核心要素,工具、规则、角色三个媒介要素,以及生产、消费、协作和交流四个子系统,将活动过程分解为消费、生产、反馈与协作、冲突与协调四个阶段并深入分析了各阶段的结构特点。基于动态流程分析,描述了社群结构中用户的角色分化现象,并推演出被动用户、外围贡献者、核心贡献者、异常用户、社群参与者五种角色类型。图3。表2。参考文献29。     

Enterprise Information Portals in support of business process, design teams and collaborative commerce performance

Enterprise Information Portals (EIPs) have been widely adopted as platforms for the integration of knowledge management and information technology (IT). This study has been conducted from the knowledge management perspective in order to examine the influence of EIPs on collaborative commerce in the automobile industry. This study explores the integration of internal and external business processes and the coordination of collaborative design teams. An initial qualitative investigation explores the practical applications of an EIP in an automobile company. A research model is then formulated and tested using a questionnaire survey of the R&D department of a motor company in Taiwan. The results of the data analysis reveal that presence of EIPs can help a company realize the benefits of c-commerce. EIPs also can improve collaborative commerce performance by promoting the degree of integration of the enterprise process and by strengthening the process innovation and communication of collaborative design teams. The results suggest that managers should reinforce important factors, including knowledge management tools, process integration, and the quality of design teams, in order to achieve success in collaborative commerce.     

教师桌面发布与共享实验教学软件的设计与实现

程序设计、软件开发类的实验教学要求越来越高,教学环境一般在网络机房。而学生掌握着自用电脑的控制权,甚至可以随意上网,网络教学环境使学生的思想不容易集中于教学,导致效率不高,教学效果不好。教师桌面发布与共享使教师的电脑桌面在必要时取代学生电脑桌面,迫使学生集中于教学内容,减少了外界环境对学生的吸引。借助于网络控制,教师和学生还可以实现互动式的教学,方便教师演示操作,协助学生提升教学效果。     

一种引入内容特征的混合推荐方法

本文使用聚类算法将项目和用户进行分组,从而引入内容特征,再结合协同过滤方法,构造一种混合的推荐方法。实验结果表明,本文的推荐方法在较高稀疏度下优于一般的协同过滤算法。