Teaming up: Linking collaboration networks, collective efficacy, and student achievement

Improving student achievement through teacher collaboration networks is a current focus of schools in many countries. Yet, empirical evidence on the relationship between teacher networks and student achievement and mechanisms that may explain this relationship is limited. This study examined the relationship between teacher networks and student achievement and the mediating role of teachers’ collective efficacy beliefs. Data were collected from 53 Dutch elementary schools. Using social network analysis and multiple regression we analyzed teacher survey and student achievement data. Findings indicate that well-connected teacher networks were associated with strong teacher collective efficacy, which in turn supported student achievement.     

中国古代“假传”文体发展史述论

“假传”文滥觞于韩愈的《毛颖传》.唐代是“假传”文的发轫期,宋元是“假传”文的发展和分化期,明代是“假传”文的高峰期和从俗期,清代是“假传”文的复归淳雅期,民国初年“假传”文曾再度繁荣,“五四”以后随着文言的衰落,“假传”文体走向式微.     

玄奘与印刷术——读《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》札记

玄奘的两名弟子慧立、彦忄宗撰《大慈恩寺三藏法师传》是写实的传记,记录玄奘遗嘱：“造素像十俱胝。”这一千万个“素像”只能是着墨捺印于纸面者,它印证了唐人冯贽所记“玄奘以回锋纸印普贤像施于四众,每岁五驮无余”的说法。这种功德行为已经包含了文化传播之内容,启迪僧、俗制造佛经复本以为功德的思路,印刷佛经呼之欲出了,玄奘是印刷术车轮的发轫者     

清代钦州诗人冯敏昌传略

冯敏昌是清代中期乾嘉诗坛上继“岭南三大家”、“南园五子”等诗人群体后叉一著名诗人。其时，在已呈蔚为大观之态的岭南诗坛，冯敏昌与黎简、张维屏等人成为岭南诗坛的领军人物。冯敏昌内行诚笃、实学醇茂，出孝入悌、热心文教，诗歌牢笼百态，自出胸臆。他在钦州、岭南，乃至大江南北，都可以称得上是模范的士大夫，富有成就、风格独具的诗人。     

Assessing behavioral data science privacy issues in government artificial intelligence deployment

In today's global culture where the Internet has established itself as the main tool for communication and commerce, the capability to massively analyze and predict citizens' behavior has become a priority for governments in terms of collective intelligence and security. At the same time, in the context of novel possibilities that artificial intelligence (AI) brings to governments in terms of understanding and developing collective behavior analysis, important concerns related to citizens' privacy have emerged. In order to identify the main uses that governments make of AI and to define citizens' concerns about their privacy, in the present study, we undertook a systematic review of the literature, conducted in-depth interviews, and applied data-mining techniques. Based on our results, we classified and discussed the risks to citizens' privacy according to the types of AI strategies used by governments that may affect collective behavior and cause massive behavior modification. Our results revealed 11 uses of AI strategies used by the government to improve their interaction with citizens, organizations in cities, services provided by public institutions or the economy, among other areas. In relation to citizens' privacy when AI is used by governments, we identified 8 topics related to human behavior predictions, intelligence decision making, decision automation, digital surveillance, data privacy law and regulation, and the risk of behavior modification. The paper concludes with a discussion of the development of regulations focused on the ethical design of citizen data collection, where implications for governments are presented aimed at regulating security, ethics, and data privacy. Additionally, we propose a research agenda composed by 16 research questions to be investigated in further research.