比较文学概念的语言分析及五种相关学科概念的界分

把“比较文学”在字面的意义上误读为“文学比较” ,这不仅存在于当下中国汉语比较文学界 ,即使在国际比较文学界也是一种由来以久的现象。为了准确地定义比较文学 ,我们还可以把比较文学与其他四种相关学科概念进行参照从而明确这一点。讨论民族文学、国别文学、总体文学与世界文学这四个学科概念的外延与内涵 ,这对于进一步明确比较文学的学科特征、学科意识和学科界限有着重要的学理意义。     

副言辞语境与口语话语

近年来,对语境的研究逐渐成为语言学领域中的热点,但副言辞语境却经常被人们所忽略。事实上,副言辞语境在语 言交际,尤其是口语会话中有着不可忽视的重要作用。其主观要素和客观要素两个方面在口语会话中都有具体而广泛的运用,这 充分表明了副言辞语境在口语交际中的重要性。     

Context effects and the processing of spoken homophones

This study examined the role of context effects in the processing of homophones in Chinese and Chinese-English bilingual speech. In Experiment 1, Chinese speakers were presented with successively gated portions of a homophone in a sentence context, and they identified the homophone on the basis of its increasing acoustic information. In Experiment 2, Chinese-English bilinguals were presented with a cross-language homophone in a sentence context, and they named a visual probe that had or did not have phonological overlaps with the homophone. Results indicate that prior sentence context has an early effect on the disambiguation of various homophone meanings, shortly after the acoustic onset of the word, in both monolingual and bilingual situations. The results are accounted for by interactive activation models of lexical processing, in which the recognition of a homophone is a result of the interactions among phonological, lexical, and contextual information at an early stage.     

实现TSR的方法

讨论了Ｃ语言实现了ＴＳＲ的一般方法,并在此基础上介绍了几种特殊需求下ＴＳＲ的实现方法。     

儿童英语教学中的语境创设

语境作为语言交际的基石,长期以来,引起语言学界的广泛关注。语用学家和社会语言学家分别从不同的层面和角度对语境进行了定义和分类,但是语境作为影响儿童英语教学效果的一个重要的、潜在的因素被忽略了。通过讨论在儿童英语教学中创设课堂语境的三个途径：运用教师话语创设语境、利用教具创设语境、组织课堂活动创设语境,来进一步说明语境在儿童英语教学中的作用。     

动态语法教学资源的开发和运用

动态语法教学对提高学生理解语言和运用语言能力具有重要作用.为此,从动态语法教学资源的开发和利用着手,探讨动态语法教学的理论和实践,对走出语法教学的误区,开辟语法教学新路具有重要意义.     

Situated Learning: Conceptualization and Measurement

A focus on the interaction between cognitive schemas and context in situ has been suggested as fundamental in organizational decision making and information interpretation. Past research suggests that the situation and the social interaction that occur during learning at the cognitive level consist of factors that affect the process, but the research lacks a coherent explanation for how those factors affect it. We propose a conceptualization of learning, termed situated learning, which accounts for these factors. By drawing on situated cognition theory, social learning theory, and the theory of mental models, we identify and measure four components of situated learning, that is, thematic focus, cognitive absorption, social structure, and participation. Among the most important lessons for researchers and practitioners is the need to consider learning as a constellation of the four components instead of an indivisible phenomenon. This perspective can enhance our understanding of cognitive processes, such as information interpretation and decision making.     

从顺应论视角解读中国第一次翻译高潮

本文尝试在一种全新的语用学理论——顺应论框架下解读中国第一次翻译高潮即佛经翻译。通过对佛经翻译过程中的语境关系顺应、语言结构顺应、顺应的动态性和顺应过程中意识程度的分析,揭示出中国第一次翻译高潮的发展规律。     

Educating the teacher educator—A Ugandan case study

Who educates teacher educators? How are teacher educators educated and prepared for their roles and tasks? This article uses a review of a two-year full-time Diploma in Teacher Education (DTE) for teacher educators in Uganda to engage with these questions. The article begins with a presentation of the Ugandan teacher education context and a literature review, focusing mainly on teacher educator knowledge, preparation, roles and tasks. It then presents the review process and discusses the main findings that emerged, exploring their implications for the education of teacher educators in Uganda and internationally. The main implications concern the critical role of teacher education pedagogy, context, teacher educator knowledge, tasks and roles, reflective practice, practitioner research, and the background, capacities and education of the educator of teacher educators.     

Hot hands,cold feet? Investigating effects of interacting constraints on place kicking performance at the 2015 Rugby Union World Cup

Place kicks in Rugby Union present valuable opportunities to score points outside the spatiotemporal dynamics of open play but are executed under varying performance constraints. We analysed effects of specific task constraints and relevant contextual factors on place kick performance in the 2015 Rugby Union World Cup. Data were collected from television broadcasts for each place kick. In addition to kick outcomes, contextual factors, including time of the kick in the match, score margin at the time of the kick, and outcome of the kicker’s previous kick, were recorded. Effects of spatial task constraints were analysed for each kick, using distance (m) and angle (°) of the kick to the goalposts. A binomial logistic regression model revealed that distance from, and angle to, the goalposts were significant predictors of place kick outcome. Furthermore, the success percentage of kickers who missed their previous kick was 7% lower than those who scored their previous kick. Place kick success percentage in the 10 minutes before half-time was 8% lower than the mean tournament success percentage, which was 75% (95% CI 71–78%). The highest kick success percentage was recorded when scores were level (83%; 95% CI 72–91%). Our data highlighted how subtle changes in task constraints and contextual factors can influence performance outcomes in elite performers in international competition. Fluctuations in place kick success suggested that individual constraints, such as thoughts, emotions and fatigue, induced during competition, could interact with perceptions to influence emergent performance behaviours.