Changing the English Classroom: When Large-scale ‘Common’ Testing Meets Secondary Curriculum and Instruction in the United States

This article explores the intersection of new, large-scale standards-based testing, teacher accountability policy, and secondary curriculum and instruction in the United States. Two federally funded consortia – the Smarter Balanced Assessment Consortium and the Partnership for Readiness of College and Careers – prove focal to this paper, as these two organisations are creating new tests that will assess 42–49% of the K–12 student population in the United States in 2014–2015. Because greater teacher accountability for student performance will be given for these tests, there is more reason to pay attention to what these tests measure and what they do not. Our analysis suggests that these new tests will hold secondary English teachers accountable for literacy and disciplinary knowledge outside the field of English and thus raise important questions about what English teachers should, can and will do, especially when their jobs are on the line.     

基于CCFE增强型知识共享许可协议的网络数字作品版权保护机制的构建

首先从技术协议构建层面,对当下热门的数字版权许可协议--知识共享许可协议(CCL)进行简要介绍;其次,在对原有CCL改进和增强的基础上,提出一个新的协议范式--知识共享文件扩展名协议（CCFE）,旨在修正现有CCL存在的缺陷并进一步优化其框架结构;最后,阐释如何借助这一新的协议范式构建数字图书馆数字化资源以及使用搜索引擎在版权规范指导下收集和获取网上数字化内容。     

教育认知诊断测验的信度和效度研究评述

信度和效度是衡量一个测量工具质量的关键指标,教育认知诊断测验中的信度和效度研究近年来受到研究者的关注。诊断测验的信度系数基本上源自基于α系数的属性信度系数、经验属性信度系数、四分相关系数、模拟重测一致性和分类一致性指标;效度系数主要包括模拟判准率、分类准确性和理论构想效度等。教育认知诊断测验的信度和效度研究较新,仍存在着一定的不足且缺乏全面的比较研究,更缺少系统的评价体系。     

属性测度μx(A)的算子研究

提出了属性测度μx的几个算子概念。给出了它们的运算及性质，推广了[1]中的两个估计式。     

单叶双曲面中异族直母线之间的关系

通过对于单叶双曲面两族直母线直交时交点轨迹的讨论,给出了单叶双曲面中一族直母线中的任意一条直母线一定和异族直母线中的两条直母线垂直相交,以及一族直母线中任意两条直母线的公垂线为异族直母线中的一条直母线的关系。     

人性的悲剧美,悲剧的人性美--解读《平凡的世界》的美学价值

《平凡的世界》包括了丰富的悲剧内容,并且其本身又超越了传统的悲剧创作。在那个人们迫切追求个性解放, 渴望人类真情的特殊时代,《平凡的世界》中人性的悲剧美,以及在这个特殊悲剧中显示出来的独具魅力的人性美,对整个时代都具有开拓和引领的重大意义。笔者将从审美的视角重新审视《平凡的世界》的美学价值。     

关于我国逻辑教学与研究中若干问题的思考

1978年以来,经过20多年的奋斗,我国逻辑教学与研究取得了不斐的成绩,并已初步实现现代化,但仍存在着不当的逻辑观、普通逻辑和现代逻辑的地位、逻辑学学科归属等问题.树立正确的逻辑观,坚定不移地走现代逻辑教学与研究的道路、大力普及和推广现代逻辑知识、根据培养目标的不同,分别开设现代逻辑课程和批判性思维课程.     

“人称代词带定语”一定要用“的”字吗？

刁晏斌先生说在所有的人称代词与定语之间,无一例外地都必须加一个结构助词“的”。方绪军先生、孙德金先生也持同样观点。其实,人称代词带定语固然大多是在前面加一“的”字,但并不是绝对的,也有定语用别的,如“一个”、“那个”、“个”、“些”等,古今都是如此。     

Validating Automated Measures of Text Complexity

Automated text complexity measurement tools (also called readability metrics) have been proposed as a way to help teachers, textbook publishers, and assessment developers select texts that are closely aligned with the new, more demanding text complexity expectations specified in the Common Core State Standards. This article examines a critical element of the validity arguments presented in support of proposed metrics: the claim that criterion text complexity scores developed from students’ responses to reading comprehension test items are reflective of the difficulties actually experienced by students while reading. Evidence that fails to support this assertion is examined, and implications relative to the goal of obtaining valid, unbiased evidence about the measurement properties of proposed readability metrics are discussed.     

关于加强人大对财政预算审查监督的法律思考

审查、批准财政预算并监督预算执行，是宪法和法律赋予各级人大及其常委会的一项重要职权，但囿于种种原因，人大审批监督预算的权力和其他权力一样并未得以有效行使。为建立一个廉洁高效的政府。为确保社会主义财政真正实现取之于民，用之于民，以健全配套法律，改革预算机制，理顺审计体制等方式不断推进和完善人大审查监督财政预算机制势在必行。