人性判断与秩序构建--论韩非子对荀子思想的疏离及异化

荀子的性恶论并非“性本恶”而是一种“后果恶”,是针对过度纵欲导致群体生存失序而做出的价值判断。韩非子已经跳出对人性作善恶与否判断的思维模式,而是径直对人性做出经验性的事实判断。价值判断与事实判断的分野,是荀韩人性论的根本差异所在。对于人性的价值判断必然导向“应然”的意义诉求,所以荀子构建的“礼义之统”与个体之间处在一种柔性互动关系中;而事实判断必然指向“实然”的实践运作,故而韩非子认为“唯治为法”,其“法”与人性之间是一种刚性关系,只能顺性而不能逆性。韩非子的秩序构建方案缺乏内在的社会凝聚力,其逻辑前提逻辑地决定了其方案本身内蕴着分裂与动乱的因素。而荀子在注重社会现实的同时充分地注意到意义世界的重要性,较好地协调了事实与价值之间的张力,其秩序建构方案充满内在的凝聚力,可以实现社会内部的良性互动与动态平衡。     

伽达默尔的“sensus communis”刍论

“sensus communis”是伽达默尔所看重的西方人文主义的四个基本概念之一,它包含“共通感”和“常识”两个方面的含义,这个概念和另外三个概念“教化”、“判断力”和“趣味”关系密切,是其中的中介和桥梁,它们一起构成了精神科学的真理及其解释学的基础。伽达默尔对这个词的理解既吸收了前人的成果,又纳入一种新的眼光,使之具有了更加深刻的人文主义内涵和解释学的意义。     

道德语境论探析

道德语境论是一种以语境为工具,研究道德原则、道德判断、道德信念以及其他道德实在论和道德认识论问题的实践方法论理论。道德语境论认为不存在道德原则,不存在“事实－价值”依附性,道德判断和道德信念是不需要依赖原则的道德认知过程。道德语境论把人的能动性和语境的权威性摆在了十分突出的位置上,具有较强的反理论性,为实践事实、道德认知过程和人的能力提供了更真实的理论描述。     

The Domain-Specificity of Elementary School Teachers’ Judgment Accuracy

Teachers’ diagnostic competence for accurately judging students’ achievement is essential for instructional practice and professional decisions. To promote their judgment accuracy, it is important to know if this is a general or domain-specific skill. We investigated teachers’ judgment accuracy in German language (one subdomain: reading) and mathematics (two subdomains: geometry; stochastics) and examined differences across domains (i.e., German and mathematics) and across subdomains (reading; geometry; stochastics). We examined the judgment accuracy of 59 German elementary school teachers who teach both German and mathematics, judging the achievement of 1227 students in the three subdomains. We conducted multilevel analyses with a subsample of 39 teachers and 787 students and calculated different accuracy components (i.e., rank, level, and differentiation) to examine the comparability of our results. In line with prior research, findings revealed that teachers’ judgments were fairly accurate. However, there were significant differences between teachers’ average judgment accuracy in different subdomains (between-person comparisons) and no or only a weak relation between individual teachers’ judgment accuracy in different subdomains (within-person comparisons). Findings support the notion that teachers’ judgment accuracy of student achievement is domain-specific with respect to the investigated subdomains. Practical implications for the promotion of teacher judgment accuracy are discussed.     

基于组合赋权的地方本科院校大学生综合素质评价研究

本文建立了包含思想政治素质、业务能力、人文科学素质、自然科学素质和身心素质的地方本科院校大学生综合素质评价指标体系,并运用熵权法和变异系数法对指标进行综合赋权,最后利用综合指数法对地方本科院校的大学生综合素质进行综合评价,以期能够为学生教育管理部门和高校的学生管理工作提供科学依据。     

基于AHP-模糊综合评判法的物流园区绩效评价模型

本文先建立AHP-模糊综合评价模型,然后对物流园区的绩效进行评价,并在实例中利用Matlab软件进行编程求解。结果说明AHP-模糊综合评判法对物流园区进行绩效评价具有有效性、可行性和实用性。     

现代足球运动创新热点问题研究

采用文献资料等方法,对当前国内外足球运动创新研究的热点问题、研究方法进行全面的梳理。研究表明:现阶段国内外学者关注的焦点问题主要集中在足球运动的训练理念与指导方法、科研体系与运动装备、青少年运动员选材、运动损伤的预防与机体恢复以及比赛分析技术等方面。对足球运动热点问题研究的方法呈现出多样化特征,且注重与多学科知识的交叉融合,研究成果重视多学科复合型人才团队的整体效应,不足之处是重复性研究较多,且研究的系统性、广度、深度有待加强,并以此为基础对未来足球运动的研究热点问题做出了展望。     

全开放管理模式下的服务创新

本文结合大连民族学院金石滩校区图书馆实践,探讨以人为本的图书馆互动服务理念。包括合理规划布局、全开放模式下的综合服务、搭建免费教学辅助平台以及创办学生工作小组特色服务等。     

Achievement and engagement: How student characteristics influence teacher judgments

Teachers' judgments of student characteristics are affected not only by the characteristic in question, but also by other factors. This article presents three studies examining whether students' achievement influences teachers' judgments of their engagement (as a proxy for motivation) and vice versa. First, a field study was conducted with N = 52 teachers and N = 1135 students. Structural equation modeling revealed an effect of student achievement on teacher judgments of student engagement and an effect of student engagement on teacher judgments of student achievement—above and beyond the association of each student characteristic with teacher judgments of that characteristic. These results were then replicated in two experimental studies involving a computer simulation of an instructional situation, the Simulated Classroom, with N = 40 and N = 181 teacher candidates, respectively. The psychological determinants of the effects observed are discussed, as are their practical implications.     

语文审美能力的培养

培养中学生的语审美能力，是中学语教学一个非常重要的课题。因此，语教师在讲授学作品时，要注意使用优美的语言精心设计导语，创设审美意境；要注意发展学生的形象思维，让学生通过丰富的想象，发现作品中的美；要注意引导学生利用创造性思维，体味作品中美的内涵。这样，就能不断提高学生的鉴赏能力，从而达到比较高的审美层次和境界。