高校创业教育与大学生创业意向和创业自我效能的关系研究

高校创业教育影响大学生的创业意向和创业自我效能，但已有研究将创业教育视为一个整体掩盖了三者之间的关系机理。基于理论性和实践性创业教育的分类框架，分析了讲座报告、创业课程、创业竞赛、创业培训和创业实训与大学生创业意向和创业自我效能之间的作用关系。结构方程模型分析表明：理论性创业教育不仅直接影响大学生创业意向，还通过创业自我效能间接影响创业意向；实践性创业教育仅通过创业自我效能间接影响大学生创业意向。理论性创业教育对大学生创业意向的影响效应大于实践性创业教育，且创业课程对大学生创业意向的影响效应最大。更重要的是，相较于创业教育对大学生创业意向的直接效应，通过创业自我效能对创业意向产生的间接效应更大。     

创业环境和心理环境对大学生创业绩效的影响机制研究

大学生创业环境和心理环境对大学生创业绩效具有重要影响,自我效能感和创业韧性是创业者心理环境的两个重要组成部分。研究通过构建以创业环境为自变量,以自我效能感为中介变量,以创业韧性为调节变量,以创业绩效为因变量的理论分析模型,把杭州、宁波、金华等地大学生创业者作为调查样本进行了实证分析。结果显示:创业环境能显著预测创业绩效;自我效能感在创业环境与创业绩效之间起到显著的中介作用;创业韧性在“创业环境—自我效能感—创业绩效”关系链的后半段路径发挥调节作用,且高水平创业韧性调节效果更为显著。研究还从改善创业环境、提升创业者自我效能感和增强创业韧性等方面提出对策与建议。     

An examination of the relationship between social self-efficacy and personal growth initiative in international context

The cross-cultural transitioning experience of international students has been viewed as a high-impact practice for student learning. International students experience both challenges and growth opportunities when they encounter new peoples and environments. However, limited research exists on the student factors that predict benefits, growth or resilience for international students through their cross-cultural transitioning experience. This study investigated social self-efficacy as a predictor of personal growth initiative amongst international students, above and beyond demographic and linguistic factors. In addition, the factorial structure of Personal Growth Initiative Scale-II was examined. Our results indicated that the perceived ability to successfully negotiate social situations and produce positive social interactions predict greater personal growth initiative and its dimensions regardless of students’ language proficiency. Moreover, results from the confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) provided further support for the first-order four-factor structure of the PGIS-II. Results have implications for improving international student integration, because efforts to support students’ social self-efficacy are linked to their personal growth initiative.     

中介式调节作用在肥胖青少年锻炼经历与锻炼行为之间的关系研究

运用结构方程模型对均衡决策和自我效能在锻炼经历和锻炼行为中的作用进行分析,探讨肥胖青少年锻炼行为与锻炼经历、均衡决策、自我效能之间的关系.结果显示:均衡决策、自我效能在锻炼经历和锻炼行为的关系中起中介作用;自我效能对锻炼经历与均衡决策的关系,以及均衡决策与锻炼行为的关系起调节作用;均衡决策的中介效应受到自我效能的调节,并且均衡决策也是自我效能和锻炼行为关系的中介变量.自我效能对锻炼行为起间接中介作用,调节了锻炼经历与均衡决策、均衡决策与锻炼行为之间关系的作用轨迹和特征,促进了锻炼经历对锻炼行为的预测作用,影响了肥胖青少年的锻炼行为.     

影响少年速滑运动员比赛成绩相关心理因素分析

少年速滑运动员由于正处在特殊的年龄阶段,其心理发展的速度往往滞后于生理的发展,加上比赛中激烈的竞争刺激,必然会导致由于心理因素而产生影响比赛成绩的现象。通过心理问卷法、文献分析法、调查访问法和数理统计法,对影响少年速滑运动员比赛成绩相关心理因素的类型、特点和原因进行了分析,结果表明自我效能感、焦虑、情绪记忆、场依存性是影响比赛成绩的重要心理因素,男运动员和女运动员在情绪记忆和自我效能感方面存在显著差异。     

体育院校计算机应用基础考试模式的探讨

计算机应用基础这门课程不同于其他科目,实践性比较强。在传统的笔试考试中,把各种知识点都用纸面的方式来给出,忽略了对学生实践技能的培养和考核。当前,计算机无纸化考试系统由于高度安全,便于组卷和评阅,资源消耗小,自动化程度高,大大提高了工作效率,比传统的考试更为方便和快捷,同时也有利于对学生实践技能考核,在平时的教学中也就加强了对学生实践能力的培养。在体育院校推行计算机应用基础考试无纸化考试,是考试模式的改革与创新,研究设计无纸化考试系统也是今后一个重要的课题。     

计算机在田径运动会终点计时中的作用

此文在原有的终点计时技术基础上加以技术改进,通过在大学田径运动会上3年的实验研究,已获得成功。其研究原理是获取运动员比赛的视频片段,利用计算机图像辨析技术,经过图像导入,图像处理,成绩的保存,构成终点计时系统的流程。再通过计算机网络协作实现计时系统的全部工作。实践结果:提高了裁判水平,成绩准确无误,实现了计时裁判管理科学化、规范化。     

武术套路训练中运动员自我效能感的形成及培养途径

自我效能感是心理学和社会学的重要概念,在竞技武术套路中,运动员的自我效能感对运动员的训练、比赛有着很重要的作用。文章运用文献资料法和逻辑分析的研究方法,以自我效能感创始人班杜拉的自我效能理论为依据,探讨了影响竞技武术套路运动员自我效能感形成的因素及如何培养和提高竞技武术套路运动员的自我效能感,找出在竞技武术套路训练中可以遵循和有效的培养途径,对提高竞技武术套路运动员的训练质量和对未来比赛充满信心有一定的作用。     

The influence of academic self-efficacy on academic performance: A systematic review

This review integrates 12 years of research on the relationship between academic self-efficacy and university student's academic performance, and known cognitive and motivational variables that explain this relationship. Previous reviews report moderate correlations between these variables, but few discuss mediating and moderating factors that impact this relationship. Systematic searches were conducted in April 2015 of psychological, educational, and relevant online databases for studies investigating academic self-efficacy and performance in university populations published between September 2003 and April 2015. Fifty-nine papers were eligible. Academic self-efficacy moderately correlated with academic performance. Several mediating and moderating factors were identified, including effort regulation, deep processing strategies and goal orientations. Given the paucity of longitudinal studies identified in this review, further research into how these variables relate over time is necessary in order to establish causality and uncover the complex interaction between academic self-efficacy, performance, and motivational and cognitive variables that impact it.     

Implicit intelligence beliefs of computer science students: Exploring change across the semester

This study investigated introductory computer science (CS1) students’ implicit beliefs of intelligence. Referencing Dweck and Leggett’s (1988) framework for implicit beliefs of intelligence, we examined how (1) students’ implicit beliefs changed over the course of a semester, (2) these changes differed as a function of course enrollment and students’ motivated self-regulated engagement profile, and (3) implicit beliefs predicted student learning based on standardized course grades and performance on a computational thinking knowledge test. For all students, there were significant increases in entity beliefs and significant decreases in incremental beliefs across the semester. However, examination of effect sizes suggests that significant findings for change across time were driven by changes in specific subpopulations of students. Moreover, results showed that students endorsed incremental belief more strongly than entity belief at both the beginning and end of the semester. Furthermore, the magnitude of changes differed based on students’ motivated self-regulated engagement profiles. Additionally, students’ achievement outcomes were weakly predicted by their implicit beliefs of intelligence. Finally, results showed that the relationship between changes in implicit intelligence beliefs and student achievement varied across different CS1 courses. Theoretical implications for implicit intelligence beliefs and recommendations for STEM educators are discussed.