修辞中词语概念意义使用的三重突破

修辞中词语的概念意义可以超常使用。文章从不同的辞格中找寻词语概念意义超常使用的普遍规律,将词义的这种超常使用概括为三重突破:突破语义层级、突破语义容量和突破词语本体。不同突破可以结合在一起,从而使词义使用复杂化,也使修辞表达更富有内涵。文章还简单地谈了一下词义超常使用的语言基础。     

A relational vector space model using an advanced weighting scheme for image retrieval

In this paper, we lay out a relational approach for indexing and retrieving photographs from a collection. The increase of digital image acquisition devices, combined with the growth of the World Wide Web, requires the development of information retrieval (IR) models and systems that provide fast access to images searched by users in databases. The aim of our work is to develop an IR model suited to images, integrating rich semantics for representing this visual data and user queries, which can also be applied to large corpora.     

任务驱动下的学术数据库新手心智模型演进及学习模式研究

[目的/意义]如何理解新手在与学术数据库交互过程中其心智模型的演进过程和学习模式是值得关注的问题,探究任务类型对学术数据库新手用户心智模型和学习模式的影响能够更好地帮助用户使用学术数据库。[研究设计/方法]本研究通过77位新手用户参与完成三种不同类型的任务(事实型搜索、探索型搜索和干涉型搜索)前后分别绘制的中国知网概念图的实验,对概念图的结构差异和内容差异进行分析,探讨不同任务情境下学术数据库新手心智模型的演进规律及学习模式。[结论/发现]研究表明用户信息搜索前后心智模型的演进模式受到任务类型的驱动,呈现出不同的概念图结构和维度内容;用户在不同任务的搜索前后均进行了学习行为,但学习模式存在差异,大多数新手用户在事实型任务和干涉型任务搜索后进行了有意义的学习,而在探索型任务搜索后用户进行了初步学习。[创新/价值]从任务类型的影响视角丰富了“搜索即学习”中的新手用户心智模型和学习模式的研究内容,有利于信息专业人员为新手开展信息检索技能培训和优化检索系统设计。     

英语名名复合词意义构建的认知分析

复合词是英语的重要构词手段,英语名名复合词在日常语言交际中普遍存在。认知语言学的研究成果为词汇意义研究提供了新的视角。本文拟从概念整合和语义框架视角分析英语名名复合词的意义构建。     

Editorial

This article shows that an awareness of students' use of their own experiences and a consistent promotion of critical literacy skills throughout a child's, adolescent's, and adult's life strengthens awareness of the social, political, economic, and cultural implications of education. The article expands on John Dewey's (1938) theory of experience as the means and goal of education to show that middle school and college graduate students use their different levels of both personal and academic experience to respond to and interpret similar issues in the same text. Specifically, the authors discuss their use of Roald Dahl's (1983) The Witches to show how teachers might approach a children's book as the backdrop for teaching different age groups an increased awareness of gender issues, the effects of stereotyping, and the influence of popular culture on students' lives. They argue that educators need to use creative teaching strategies to provide opportunities for students at all educational levels to expand their literacy skills. The final section of the paper provides possible ways in which teachers can use literary texts at various levels to engage students not only with the material itself but also connect the text with their personal/ professional experiences and their own literacies.     

成语谐音仿拟广告词理解的认知阐释

从认知语言学中的完形趋向理论和概念合成理论出发,重新审视成语谐音仿拟广告词.这一尝试性分析揭示了该类广告词理解的认知过程,扩展了这两个理论对语言现象的解释力,同时也为解释这类广告词广受青睐的深层原因提供了一种新的阐释空间,从而丰富了对这一语言现象的研究.     

浅析英汉情感隐喻的共性

概念隐喻是由Lakoff和Johnson在他们所著的《Metaphors we live by》一书中提出的,该观点认为概念隐喻是用隐喻形式来表达的概念,隐喻不只是个语言的问题,它更是一种思维方式。情感是抽象的复杂的概念常常借助于隐喻来表达。英、汉两种语言中都有大量表达情感的隐喻,由于人类有着相同的生理特征和情感体验,因此英汉情感隐喻中存在着一定的共性。     

当前认知科学背景下幽默言语理论研究述评

从语义脚本、概念复合论等四大视角宏观勾勒认知领域幽默言语理论研究基本现状,同时也分析其中微观问题,认为幽默语义跃迁过程中隐含着被忽略的＂释话＂过程;而会话幽默中的共同心理预设实际上即是人们以知识结构的方式形成的趋同的社会心理默契。     

Active Learning session based on Didactical Engineering framework for conceptual change in students’ equilibrium and stability understanding

ABSTRACT

Engineering students on control courses lack a deep understanding of equilibrium and stability that are crucial concepts in this discipline. Several studies have shown that students find it difficult to understand simple familiar or academic static equilibrium cases as well as dynamic ones from mechanics even if they know the discipline’s criteria and formulae. Our aim is to study the impact of a specific and innovative classroom session, containing well-chosen situations that address students’ misconceptions. We propose an example of Active Learning experiment based both on the Didactical Engineering methodology and the Conceptual Fields Theory that aims at promoting a conceptual change in students. The chosen methodology allows, at the same time, a proper design of the student learning activities, an accurate monitoring of the students’ rational use during the tasks and provides an internal tool for the evaluation of the session’s efficiency. Although the expected starting conceptual change was detected, it would require another activity in order to be reinforced.     

译者的认知过程研究

认知语言学是以人对世界认知为基础的,重在对语言现象进行解释的一门新兴学科。本文仅从范畴化、概念隐喻、意象维度、像似性这些人的认知能力或机制来说明翻译过程其实是个认知过程,并以这些认知能力或机制试图对翻译中的原文理解,译文表达,文化介入及审美运用等现象概括到认知上的统一解释。