变频技术与电动机调速

目前,我国电动机总装机容量达4.5亿千瓦,电动机总装机容量占目前总用电量的70%以上,其中近70%的电机拖动的负载是风机、泵类、压缩机等,而其中又有近70%的电机适合进行调速,即有约两亿千瓦的电机处在浪费运行的状态。因此如何实现电动机节能就显得非常重要。文章根据目前应用比较广泛的交流电动机,简单地介绍它的特点,结合以往的调速方式以及各自调速方式的优劣性,分析为什么要采用变频调速,而且如何实现变频调速,以及采用变频调速以后节能的效果。     

长江大保护项目档案资源整合机制的形成与保障

本文以长江大保护项目档案资源整合为例,通过调研长江大保护项目档案资源的建设情况,分析项目档案资源整合困境,阐明项目档案资源整合机制的形成与保障.     

Communicating conservation science

What are the key messages conservation science should communicate to the public? Although the profile of conservation science itself can be raised by talking about the process, most feel that the messages should concern what conservation science brings to the focus of its work – cultural heritage. However, it is no longer enough to focus on the needs of heritage in isolation. Demonstrating public benefit is crucial to persuade decision-makers to invest not only in the conservation of cultural heritage but also in the science that informs its care. Conservation science can research the significance of cultural heritage and how to enable access to it, but it now also needs to engage the public actively in its activities. This means continuing to use the traditional ‘hard’ sciences of physics and chemistry but also learning from and collaborating more with less familiar partners such as the social sciences, the medical sciences, and natural heritage to demonstrate how conservation science is good for people, and developing new methods of communication to do this. Conservation science needs to engage with the public not only as a subject for research but also as a means of doing the research, so the end also becomes the means. Public impact should be factored into conservation science projects, with training in communication and the principles of interpretation provided to those involved. A more fundamental shift may be required in the sector however, that puts people's benefit at the heart of conservation science as much as the benefit of the cultural heritage it engages with.     

Shifting the focus to people: Global societal priorities and the contribution made by conservation science

During the ICCROM Forum on Conservation Science in 2013, one of the main themes discussed was the ability for conservation science to contribute to global societal priorities. Today's world is in many ways globalized. Human actions have an impact at local as well as global level. Information travels fast, more or less in real time. To set up a framework for international interactions and cooperation, the majority of the recognized nations have joined the United Nations and signed the Universal Declaration on Human Rights. Global societal priorities are various and wide-ranging. This paper deals primarily with those that are referred to under the UN Millennium Development Goals and the term Sustainable Development. The first aims to fight extreme poverty, raise education levels, achieve gender equality, combat diseases, etc. The second deals with the interconnecting systems of social, economic, and environmental sustainability. A core aspect in the discussion is that culture and cultural heritage is integrated in all human activities, yet is diverse because culture holds various values, meanings, and functions for different groups in society. Cultural heritage is a powerful tool to reach and interact with people. It can be used for good and for ill. For conservation science as a discipline to take its professional responsibility seriously, it should contribute to the multi-, inter-, and transdisciplinary environment of conservation, and enhance its benefits for society. Through advanced research it can provide historical perspectives and raise awareness of traditional methods, transforming it into ‘easily accessible’ knowledge. It can also contribute by providing facts and information that can open up different narratives based on the same cultural historical realia. Examples of how that can be done are given under the headings: social, economic, and environmental sustainability. Finally, addressing the global conservation community, the following three areas are recommended for future development: the need for process managers and facilitators; the need for active participation in the global sustainability challenges, and the need for inspirational role models and case studies.     

Educating future professionals in conservation science: The challenges of an interdisciplinary field

Training and education paths in conservation science have been the subject of ongoing debate over the last two decades. A key issue is that conservation science, although not a new field, is not adequately defined, which leads to a lack of consensus regarding the competencies needed. During the ICCROM Forum 2013 on Conservation Science, education for conservation scientists was discussed, with a particular focus on those necessary competencies which exceed the scientific domain. This paper reflects on the outcomes of these discussions as well as the results of surveys carried out by ICCROM in preparation for the Forum on education, job advertisements, and the relationship between conservation professionals and science. Challenges identified included current professional paths, dissemination of scientific findings, use of specialized terminology, and the need for professionals who serve more than one area of specialization. These challenges could be viewed as an opportunity to revise and modify educational programmes. New interactive platforms could be used to facilitate participative science projects, and could change the way projects are carried out in the near future.     

基于社区视角的三江源自然保护区牧民参与生态旅游研究——以玉树称多县为例

三江源自然保护区旅游发展已定位为生态旅游,社区参与作为生态旅游的重要特征不仅可提高当地社区居民生活水平且可保持生态旅游的可持续发展。本文以保护区中具有代表性的青海玉树州称多县为研究对象,采用深度访谈及实地调查问卷,就社区居民参与生态旅游进行了分析。研究结果显示：称多县社区居民参与旅游处于初级阶段;在社区居民参与旅游的限制因素中半数以上居民认为是缺乏资金,不会经营;游客数量相对少,是制约社区广泛参与旅游的重要因素;通过访谈及实地调查还发现社区居民在参与中缺乏政府在资金上的支持和技术上的有力指导。最后对三江源社区居民参与生态旅游提出了具体建议。     

国外绿道研究综述

绿道一直是景观生态学、城市规划和景观设计等多学科交叉研究的热点和前沿,文章在搜集国外绿道研究文献的基础上,较为系统地对相关文献进行了梳理和评析。在对绿道概念分析的基础上,探讨了绿道的起源及发展,分析了国外绿道研究的主要内容。最后,对国外绿道研究内容进行了总结分析,为国内绿道研究发展有一定的借鉴作用。     

长白山珍稀濒危植物的保护与利用

长白山区分布着国家级第一、二批珍稀濒危植物不仅在医药、花卉观赏、化工、木材等方面具有较高的开发利用价值，而且还具有生态保护和科学研究价值，近年来，由于自然，人为及社会综合因素的影响，使生态环境遭到严重破坏，许多珍稀有植物濒临灭绝。因此，积极、有效地保护与$长白山、珍稀濒危植物、保护、持续利     

拉鲁湿地国家级自然保护区鸟类资源及其保护对策

2001年~2004年,通过路线统计法和样点统计法,对拉鲁湿地国家级自然保护区的鸟类资源进行了较为详细的调查。在野外调查中共记录到鸟类13个目,24个科,44个属,62种。其中包括国家Ⅰ级重点保护的鸟类2种,属国家Ⅱ级重点保护的鸟类7种,被列为西藏自治区Ⅱ重点保护的鸟类2种。62种鸟类中留鸟和冬候鸟的种类最多,两者的种类均为24种;其次是夏候鸟,占总数的19.4%;旅鸟种类最少,只有2种。 属古北界的有39种,占总数的62.9%;属东洋界的种类只有3种,仅占总数的4.8%。另外,还有广布种和青藏高原特有种。本文根据拉鲁湿地鸟资源的现状,提出了拉鲁湿地鸟类栖息地多样性的保护及水鸟的保护等具体对策。     

北京大学图书馆古籍修复工作之思考

北京大学图书馆收藏约150万册古籍,藏量居中国第三、高校之首。但由于种种原因,馆藏古籍破损情况严重,不仅使这些国之瑰宝的传承受到威胁,而且使学校的教学、科研工作受到影响。作者结合工作实践,从典藏条件、经费问题、管理方法以及修复人员培养等方面,分析了造成馆藏古籍破损严重的原因和古籍修复工作所存在的问题,并提出了切合实际的解决办法。