美国国会图书馆地图收藏与服务的启示

地图在国家的经济、国防、文化、教育等各方面有着十分重要的作用,世界上许多重要的图书馆都非常重视地图的收藏,尤其是国家级图书馆。本文对美国国会图书馆地图的收藏与服务,从采、编、藏、阅及地图数字化等方面做了深入细致的调查分析,认为美国国会图书馆的地图收藏服务有4方面值得借鉴:一是注重地图资料收藏的系统完整性;二是从建筑设计、编目、典藏和阅览各个环节综合考虑地图文献的保存保护;三是读者服务的多样性和公益性;四是重视民间捐赠行为。     

大树移植的保活技术措施初探

随着社会经济的发展以及城市建设水平的提高,为了加速风景的形成,在短期内达到绿化设计效果,往往采用干径10cm以上的大树栽植。大树移植技术复杂,要求细致,操作困难,成功率低,而且需要投入较多人力、机械设备和资金,成本代价高,实施过程中必须慎重行事。本文从断根、修剪、土壤、养护管理等方面讨论大树移植保活技术。     

贵州少数民族文化保护工作中的信息化思路

在各级政府部门的大力支持,以及相关学者、研究人员的努力下,贵州省少数民族工作取得了优异的成果,贵州的旅游经济也因丰富多彩的少数民族文化不断的升温。然而少数民族保护工作中遇到了越来越多的困难,使得我们需要拓宽思路,与时俱进地使用一些新方法,新手段。本文介绍了信息技术助力贵州省少数民族文化保护工作的几条思路,为民族文化保护工作者们提供了一些新的选择。     

Conservation science: Reflections and future perspectives

The ICCROM Forum 2013 on Conservation Science resulted in a series of recommendations for improving the relevance and impact of science within cultural heritage conservation. These recommendations are outlined in this paper. Central to the Forum recommendations is the responsibility of conservation science to provide benefit through research and innovation. This relies on shared strategic vision and good governance, to identify priority needs and align efforts accordingly. To enhance the effectiveness of conservation science research, it is imperative to adopt an approach based on needs assessment, collaboration, and sharing. However, to establish whether desired goals are being met, systematic assessment of what is delivered and how it is used is required. Evaluation tools provide a structured way to identify needs and to measure results, offering a basis for learning and improvement. A new initiative is outlined, launched by ICCROM in follow-up to the Forum, to develop a common framework for needs and outcome assessment for heritage conservation science. To achieve this will require participation and support at multiple levels, and collaboration is called for to continue and sustain this effort.     

Conservation institutions as agents of change

Key messages to conservation institutions were drafted during the ICCROM Forum 2013 on Conservation Science so they could, in turn, influence the profession. The first message is a general statement of the fact that conservation science is an essential part of conservation. The other messages provide guidance to conservation institutions so that they can achieve maximum impact. Conservation institutions should engage in research and development that anticipate issues, provide sustainable solutions and guidelines, and are conducted in a transdisciplinary way; share resources and expertise to be more efficient, increase access and reduce inequalities; and assume a leadership role, promote conservation, and ensure knowledge is made available. The key messages, five altogether, are reproduced in their entirety in this article, which provides further elaboration and development of each message as well as avenues for making positive changes in strategic areas.     

Importance of digital close-range photogrammetry in documentation of cultural heritage

It is an indisputable reality that the most important thing for transmitting cultural heritage to posterity is a sensitive documentation. Up to the present there have been many developments in documentation of cultural heritage by developing technology, and contemporary documentation techniques have progressed speedily. In time, modern methods have become preferable to conventional methods in architecture generally in the existent state and in determination of deformations and preparation of measured drawing projects of historical edifices. Digital and 3D data, rich visual images obtained by digital close-range photogrammetry, and orthophoto images of edifices, are governed and shepherded in documentation and future conservation projects. Also, these methods supply much ease, precision and time-saving in measured drawing projects when compared with conventional methods. In this study, contributions of digital close-range photogrammetry to measured drawing projects were evaluated. A historical building, which had been exposed to fire two times in Konya (Turkey), was photographed and its situation before and after the fire was demonstrated. In addition, the building's measured drawings of facade and its 3D model were completed using digital close-range photogrammetry. The building's present status and its reconstruction project is indicated and how digital close-range photogrammetry contributes to measured drawing, reconstruction and restoration projects is presented. Furthermore, the significance of present-day use of digital close-range photogrammetry in the acquisition of data and preparation of measured drawing projects for historical buildings is emphasized. This study has been completed by photogrammetrists, architects, urban planners and restorers.