The inherent sharing of conservation decisions

Abstract

This paper provides an understanding of an under-explored aspect of the sharing of conservation decisions. In particular, it argues that conservation decisions are inherently shared in at least three senses. First, conservation is conceived as a field of shared values, principles, and decision-making methodology, and aspires to a universally shared ethic. This view is supported by the logical and ethical consistency of existing Codes of Ethics, and is made manifest with the aid of a conceptual model of what science is. Second, conservation decisions are conditioned by the identity of heritage entities. The values comprising the heritage identity of an entity transcend space and time boundaries; they are interrelated and interdependent and, as such, shared. Third, the benefits but also the harms stemming from conservation decisions and actions are distributed and shared among all people for whom the object of a conservation decision is heritage. As dictated by the do-no-harm principle, conservators have a duty to consider risks of such harms when making decisions.     

客观真实性:莫高窟保护与管理中的文化与合作问题

盖蒂保护研究所与敦煌研究院关于莫高窟的保护合作已经持续了近三十年,双方进行了很多保护与管理项目,如莫高窟崖体的稳定性研究、壁画病害机理研究、环境监测、人员培训、壁画保护研究、莫高窟管理全面规划、国际会议、游客承载量研究以及最近在洛杉矶盖蒂中心举办的敦煌艺术展。合作得以蒸蒸日上是有很多原因的,主要是因为共同的目的,明确协定的目标和责任,信任和根据双方资源的同等贡献等。这为面临语言、文化与距离障碍的合作树立了一个榜样。     

Conserving ourselves: Embedding significance into conservation decision-making in graduate education

Graduate conservation students are well educated in many aspects of their work; however, it is difficult in the classroom to teach students how to base their conservation decisions on aspects of cultural significance. It is widely acknowledged that conservation decisions are not neutral, that they depend on cultural context and upon the predilections of the conservator and the owning individual or institution. Partnerships between community members and conservators have had a long history within conservation practices described as ‘ethnographic’, and such methods have arguably influenced working practices within other conservation specialties. A graduate conservation class is described in which students conserved important heritage items belonging to their classmates, in an environment where access to discoveries of significance were encouraged for their ability to inform preservation decisions. Cases are described that link decisions with specific values.     

论抵押权的物上追及力

抵押权的物上追及力为抵押权的基本效力之一。但是 ,抵押权的物上追及力的理论基础———物权的追及力和抵押人的标的物处分权不受限制是通过循环论证的方法相互提供依据的 ,而且 ,抵押权的物上追及力的价值取向与交易安全保护的理念相冲突 ,此外 ,抵押人的标的物处分权不受限制与抵押权的保全效力是互相矛盾的。因此 ,抵押权的物上追及力是否在理论上有存在的必要 ,值得探讨     

中国古籍文献的酸化与防酸化

酸化对于古文献极其有害。中国古文献酸化情况十分严重 ,应引起重视 ,采取措施。古文献防酸化措施有二 ,一是防酸 ,二是去酸。表 2。参考文献 6。     

Installation of an environmental monitoring system in the Chapel of Our Lady of Guia,Macau

Built in the early seventeenth century, the Chapel of Our Lady of Guia is one of the most important heritage sites in the historic centre of Macau. Its architectural features and wall paintings with Chinese and Western characteristics reflect the historical status of Macau as a hub for cultural exchange between China and the West. Since signs of deterioration have been observed on the wall paintings in recent years, it is very urgent and necessary to conserve them. In this paper, we will introduce the modern diagnostic techniques applied in the course of their conservation, including 3D laser scanning, high-definition digital photography, environmental monitoring, thermal infrared imaging, microwave scanning and penetration resistance tests. Comprehensive information on the current state of the wall paintings is collected, providing a solid foundation for their scientific preservation.     

Metrics and outcomes of conservation education: a quarter century of lessons learned

We conducted a systematic literature review to analyze evaluations of conservation education programs on a global scale in order to better understand (1) temporal and spatial trends in conservation education program evaluations over the last 25 years, (2) patterns in the types of conservation-related issues addressed through these programs, (3) metrics that indicate effectiveness of conservation education programs, and (4) methods and timeframes used to draw conclusions about program outcomes. Findings indicated that there is a need to better connect the types of issues addressed through conservation education programs with metrics that would indicate success in addressing these issues and the actual outcomes measured and reported. As well, there is an opportunity to employ a variety of metrics and methods for evaluating program outcomes, particularly in developing countries, by focusing on cognitive and behavioral components as well as social and ecological ones. Finally, shifting to a more comprehensive strategy for evaluating multiple outcomes in different cultural contexts would provide opportunities for utilizing mixed methods and qualitative approaches in partnership with community stakeholders.     

都匀市螺丝壳水源林保护区现存珍稀濒危植物鹅掌楸天然分布

报道分布于都匀市螺丝壳水源林自然保护区鹅掌楸[Liriodendron (Hemsl.)Sarg.]珍稀濒危植物，并就该物种的生物形态特征、居群(Populstion)分布现状、地理分布以及科学研究与资源开发价值进行讨论。