北京大学图书馆古籍修复探索

基于北京大学图书馆古籍修复实践,从古籍修复人员配置及其协作管理、古籍修复工作开展规律、古籍修复程序及相关管理、古籍修复技术特点及内涵的文化特质4个方面,总结修复工作的经验与模式,提炼古籍修复工作的核心特征,并延伸对古籍修复发展相关问题的思考。     

Analysis and conservation of modern modeling materials found in Auguste Rodin's sculptures

Prior to the exhibition Portrait-making, Rodin and his models (2009), the Rodin museum wanted to restore two busts of Hanako and Clemenceau. Interestingly, these two sculptures contain pieces of modern modeling materials (MMMs) invented at the end of the nineteenth century as an alternative to clay or waxes. The poor state of conservation of the two portraits made any handling and exhibition impossible. Accordingly, the purpose of this article is twofold: to contribute to technical art history and conservation. Elemental and chemical analyses were done on samples from 12 sculptures (SEM–EDX, FTIR, GC–MS, GC–FID, XRD, synchrotron-based µXRF, µXANES, and µFTIR) aimed at identifying the composition of MMMs used by Rodin on plaster sculptures and establishing hypotheses about the origins of their degradation. This thorough study of their composition and degradation was necessary to implement an appropriate restoration plan. The development of conservation protocols adapted to such materials is rarely documented. Different tests were performed on mock-ups (pH, solubility, adhesion, consolidation, and cleaning). In particular, a protocol based on laser cleaning was developed and successfully applied to remove superficial dust and crusts so that the sculptures regained their original aspect.     

趋近—回避框架下的创造性动机分析

动机和创造性的关系一直以来都备受研究者关注,但以往研究多基于内部—外部、亲社会—反社会等框架分析动机对创造性的影响。近年来,趋近—回避动机对创造性的影响逐渐成为一个独立的研究主题,得到了大量有价值的结论。一方面,与趋近动机相关联的情绪,能够激活趋近动机的外在线索(动作、颜色等),以及个体长期的趋近动机倾向都被发现对创造性有积极的影响;另一方面,新近研究证实,当个体认知资源充足且认为有必要在创造性任务上投入努力时,回避动机也能促进创造性。深入探讨回避动机对创造性的影响,比较不同文化背景下的差异,考察长期和情境性作用的交互,整合其他动机分析框架是今后推进趋避动机与创造性关系研究的几个可能方向。     

从胶片的化学组成谈胶片档案的保护

本文对胶片档案的结构和化学成分、胶片档案损坏的表现以及保护胶片档案的方法作了阐述.     

英语句法问题二则

教学过程中遇到的两则英语句法问题值得商榷。其一,“It was so windy that it was only with a tremendous effort were we able to pitch a tent”一句中的倒装,采取句型转换的方法,运用全息律、结构边界律、转换守恒律等规律,依据传统语法学说,可推断并说明该句中的倒装不仅绝无必要而且应调整为正序。其二,“He progressed very quickly”一句中“progress”一词的运用,从名转动用、正向迁移等角度,可论证“progress”一词在该句中的运用并非词性与词义不统一。而且对名转动用这一客观语言现象,应从其赖以存在的深层机理,亦即其语义基础、语用推理和句法动因等角度作理论上的多维探析。     

Conservation from conception: Commissioning an installation by Cai Guo-Qiang

Over a period of six years, the Queensland Art Gallery / Gallery of Modern Art and Chinese artist Cai Guo-Qiang developed and realized the major art installation Heritage (2013). The artwork comprises 99 life-sized imitation animals congregating at a waterhole and covers 1104 m² of floor space. This paper reviews aspects of the commission, construction, and completion of Heritage – a very large-scale, technically complex contemporary installation. From commission to acquisition, the project was a highly collaborative undertaking and is an interesting example of unconventional conservation. This paper, written from curatorial and conservation perspectives, describes this cooperative endeavour.