保护管理权交易：非自然保护区所有的土地管理问题之探讨

土地权属不清是我国自然保护区普遍面临的重大问题之一,这给保护区的管理带来许多困难.而我国是一个正处于高速发展时期的人口大国,土地压力非常大,因此,约占国土面积14%的保护区不可能获得完全的土地权.本文在这样的背景条件下,探讨在没有土地使用权或仅拥有部分土地权的情况下,应用ConservationEasement(保护管理权交易)对自然保护区进行管理的可行性.本文以盐城自然保护区为研究地,采用问卷调查和实地访谈的方式,对保护管理权交易在生态、自然条件、生产方式转换及经济等方面的可行性进行了分析.鉴于篇幅所限,重点对经济可行性进行了分析和论证,得出在该地实施保护管理权交易需要一次性投入254×104元,每年投入203×104元.而经费可以通过当地财政、保护区管理局及国际保护组织等多渠道获得.基于上述分析,得出该管理模式对于解决没有土地权的非核心区管理具有可行性.继而对保护管理权交易模式可能遇到的长期资金来源、土地权属制度及税收制度等限制因素进行了探讨并给出了相应的解决建议.     

公路噪声对东洞庭湖自然保护区水鸟的影响评价

噪音对动物,尤其是鸟类的正常生活具有严重的不利影响.在东洞庭湖自然保护区内,分布有大量的水鸟,本文作者在保护区内部进行了实地考察.利用美国FHWA噪声预测模型对公路噪声之于东洞庭湖自然保护区内水鸟的影响进行了评价,发现该区交通噪声会对一些水鸟的各种行为产生干扰.从而影响水鸟在保护区的栖息.     

四川卧龙自然保护区珍稀濒危植物及其保护与利用

卧龙是四川省珍惜濒危植物最丰富的地区，有国家保护的珍稀濒危植物24种，隶属18科，20属，其中一级保护2种，二级保护11种，三级保护11中。本文论述了该地区珍稀、濒危植物的特点、类型及地理分布，以及这些植物的一些利用价值及保护建议。     

An Examination of Message Elaboration as a Moderator of Psychological Reactance

The current study advances the literature on psychological reactance theory by examining the moderating role of message elaboration on the reactance process. Participants (N = 512) were randomly assigned to a message condition (freedom-threatening vs. non-freedom-threatening language) in a between-subjects quasi-experimental design. Message elaboration was not manipulated but rather varied naturally. Two topics were examined (energy conservation and organ donation). Results demonstrated that freedom-threatening language was positively associated with perceived freedom threat for both topics. No interaction effect of message elaboration and freedom-threatening language on perceived freedom threat was observed for either topic. Findings are discussed in terms of the theoretical and practical contributions of the current study.     

图书馆古籍修复人才需求与古籍修复人才就业需求

图书馆古籍修复人才需求与古籍修复人才就业需求两者之间存在着矛盾。通过网络资料收集、对部分图书馆古籍修复师生的访谈调研和实地考察等方式,深入分析、挖掘出矛盾背后的原因,并提出四个解决矛盾的建议。     

文献修复糊方研究

浆糊是文献修复的重要材料。中国古代文献修复和装裱用浆糊多为小麦面粉添加若干添加物煮制或用开水冲制而成,本文依据古代文献内容对此问题加以探讨和研究,希望能对文献修复工作有所裨益。     

From adoption potential to Transformative Learning around Conservation Agriculture

Purpose: To develop a transformative learning process around the potential for innovation of technologies such as Conservation Agriculture.

Design/methodology/approach: We applied principles of Transformative Learning and Communicative Action theories to design a learning process structured by the Qualitative Expert Assessment Tool for Conservation Agriculture Adoption in Africa (QAToCA). Elements of the process include: agroecosystem health exploration, stakeholder mapping, innovation timeline, participatory video, the QAToCA exercise, and specifying change promotion. We tested this approach with a group of farmers and experts in Koumbia, Burkina Faso.

Findings: The agroecosystem in Koumbia is under demographic, economic, and climatic pressure. Conservation Agriculture has not been successfully integrated into socio-economic realities or implemented beyond a trial scale. The stakeholder mapping showed that dominant economic players and traditional means of communicating are essential to achieve innovation. Past interventions were not coordinated and focused on technical challenges. The participatory videos were rich in contextual information and created process ownership for research participants. The QAToCA provided a structure for lessons learned and suggestions for change.

Practical implications: The learning process may be applied to initiate innovation initiatives in an efficient manner.

Theoretical implications: The study shows how Transformative Learning and Communicative Action theories can be used for agricultural innovation. It also underlines the need for further work on how to address the implicit superiority of the process initiator and the integration of learning in institutional practice.

Originality: Few studies have attempted to design and test learning processes on agricultural innovation based on theories of learning and Communicative Action.     

Making Research Methods Concepts Relevant for Students: An Illustrative Study on Low Self-control,Class Attendance,and Student Performance

Undergraduate students in criminology programs often contend that learning research methods is difficult in part because they struggle to see the relevance of the concepts addressed in such classes. The current study, utilizing original data collected from approximately 200 undergraduate students enrolled in a research methods course, focuses on a topic that is highly relevant for students?whether attending class mediates the effect of low self-control on student performance. The results show that while low self-control and class attendance each have direct effects on student performance, attendance does not mediate the effect of low self-control. In addition, the effect of low self-control on student performance varies according to the dimension of low self-control modeled, and the effect of class attendance on student performance is nonlinear. Closing discussion, in addition to describing implications and limitations of the study, highlights how the study encompasses several key research methods–related concepts.     

To Play the Fool: Can Environmental Conservation and Democracy Survive Social Capital?

Two community-based conservation processes in the United States provide comparative case studies to examine how social capital relates to democracy. Following a summary of social capital research, we describe the cases: one designed to preserve an endangered species and the other to restore water quality. We discuss how social capital dampened democratic practice in one case, while invigorating it in the other. We conclude that, by relying indiscriminately on social capital in the absence of complementary state structures, conservationists risk losing the very nature they seek to defend, and all citizens risk losing the energy and space essential to democracy.