“两型社会”建设背景下黄石产业集群发展研究

武汉城市圈“两型社会”建设综合配套改革试验区确定后,城市圈副中心城市黄石市按照资源节约型、环境友好型的要求,发展产业集群,壮大产业经济,以提升区域核心竞争优势。本文在对黄石市的产业集群进行分析的基础上,提出了推进资源枯竭型城市战略转型的相关举措。     

电磁场流密度的研究

文章通过相对论协变下的四维电磁场能量——动量张量Tik的引入,使电磁场的能量守恒和动量守恒定律合并为一个四维的相对论协变式 Tik/ Xk=-μ0Fikjk;同时讨论了在无电荷分布的区域内,电磁场物理量流密度的散度等于零,亦即电磁场守恒定律四维形式。     

北京市民用建筑节能规划实施效果评价研究

随着北京市城市功能定位转变和高能耗产业的退出,建筑节能作为节能减排的重要工作进入新的阶段。北京市“十二五”民用建筑节能规划在广度和深度上已全面拓展。笔者通过深入调研北京市“十二五”时期民用建筑节能工作的任务完成情况,构建北京市“十二五”民用建筑节能规划实施效果评价指标体系,采用模糊综合评价法评价北京市民用建筑节能规划的实施效果,并分析规划实施过程中存在的问题。为北京市民用建筑节能工作提出对策建议,以期对北京市制定“十三五”民用建筑节能规划提供参考。     

高校土建类各专业“建筑节能”课程设置的思考与研究

节能问题是全球最为关注的环境问题之一,节约能源对于缓解严峻的能源形势、实现可持续发展具有重要的战略意义。建议在高校土建类各专业开设建筑节能课程,有助于建立建筑节能职业准则。笔者研究了“建筑节能”作为职业拓展课程的设计思路、目的要求、内容方案、目标预期、实践性环节设计等,为针对不同专业方向的土建类学生开展建筑节能技术教育教学提供参考。     

放牧压力下五台山高山、亚高山草甸的退化特征

放牧通过家畜的啃食、践踏、排泄干扰草甸环境,使草甸的物种组成发生改变,植物种群的优势地位发生更替。在样带和样地调查基础上,获取草地群落组成和样地环境数据,通过CCA排序对五台山高、亚高山草甸在经历放牧后的退化状况进行数量化评价,辨识草甸退化的不同等级。结果表明：共划分出5个退化等级,随着退化加剧：①群落环境因子牛马粪数量增加、土壤紧实度加大,土层厚度降低。极度退化草甸与其他4个退化等级之间的环境因子差异显著;②群落数量特征总盖度、生物量、物种丰富度、多样性指数降低,同时一二年生植物所占百分比升高;③放牧干扰草甸的优势种是嵩草、高原嵩草和直梗高山唐松草,轻度干扰草甸中嵩草、高原嵩草(亚高山草甸)/珠芽蓼、高山嵩草、发草(高山草甸)为优势种,中度退化草甸高原嵩草依然为优势种,重度和极度干扰草甸中优势种被鹅绒委陵菜和平车前取代。放牧已对五台山高山、亚高山草甸群落外貌造成了严重的不良影响,是草甸退化的重要影响因素。为防止草甸资源进一步退化,促进草甸植被恢复,实现资源的可持续利用,建议对中度退化以上草甸采取严格限制家畜数量、分期围封和人工建植乡土植被等措施。     

模糊控制技术在空调系统中的应用

本文从实际工程出发,对沈阳某智能大厦A区空调系统的控制策略进行改进,对于空调机组(AHU),利用模糊自适应PID控制代替不够理想的PID控制,从而实现对具有非线性、时变性、干扰大、大滞后因素和不确定随机干扰因素的系统优化控制。较原来的PID控制策略有着收敛速度快、过渡时间短、超调量小、适应能力强等优点,并且节约了能源。     

温州畲族文化遗产保护现状及对策

全文在对温州畲族文化遗产保护现状调研的基础上,针对非物质文化遗产保护面临的严峻形势提出八条对策,即转变观念、加强人才培养、加强理论研究工作、地方政府对文化遗产保护的宏观管理、建立温州畲族文化遗产博物馆、通过宣传教育来保护和传承温州畲族文化遗产、温州畲族文化遗产的开发与利用、加大经费投入力度。     

Public sea turtle watches serve as effective environmental education

To understand both immediate and longer-term effects of a short duration, interpretive wildlife tourism program, we studied responses from participants in a sea turtle watch program. This program comprised an interpretive presentation followed by an opportunity to view a nesting loggerhead sea turtle (Caretta caretta). We conducted 37 programs in 2013 and 2014, for 843 participants, of whom 70.5% were able to see a nesting turtle. We measured participant attitudes, knowledge, intention to act, and long-term behavior change. Initial participant responses indicated prior interest in nature and environmental topics, and a knowledge base focused on biological sea turtle information. After the interpretive presentation, participants chose to provide conservation-related information as opposed to natural history-related information. Intention to engage in conservation behaviors was high following the turtle watch experience, regardless of whether a turtle was seen. The conservation value of our turtle watch program is expressed through conservation-focused knowledge acquisition by participants and their high post-program intention to engage in behaviors benefiting sea turtles, both of which precede long-term behavior change in an interdisciplinary model of behavior change.     

Mechanical strength studies on degraded waterlogged wood treated with sugars

This study aims to measure the mechanical strength of chemically degraded wood samples and compare the values obtained with fresh wood and degraded wood treated with sugars. The mechanical strength of chemically degraded waterlogged wood samples was determined using a three-point bending system to generate load-deflection curves and subsequently calculate the modulus of elasticity and load to failure longitudinally. The values obtained allow us to compare the mechanical properties of white birch wood samples that were air dried after treatment with 60% w/v solutions of sucrose, trehalose, or sucralose. In addition, the same parameters were measured for fresh white birch wood samples and chemically degraded samples that were allowed to air dry without treatment. Fresh white birch was found to have a longitudinal modulus of elasticity of 11.5?GPa whereas this value decreased by 70% when the wood was degraded. Treatment with sugars increased the measured values of modulus of elasticity up to 36.9?GPa, a substantially higher value than for fresh wood. These data indicate that non-reducing sugars could be useful alternatives to polyethylene glycol for the conservation of waterlogged archaeological wood.     

Investigating salt decay of stone materials related to the environment,a case study in the St. James church in Liège,Belgium

Salt crystallization is recognized as a major cause of damage to porous building materials, threatening the sustainable preservation of our valuable built heritage. Unfortunately, the crystallization behavior of the detected salt mixtures is complex and not fully understood. While the deliquescence points of single salts are well documented, this is not the case for salts in a mixture where one is confronted with the presence of different cations and anions. In this paper the salt content of the murals and the limestone tracery of the main entrance porch from the sixteenth century church of St. James in Liège, Belgium is investigated and related to the climatic conditions of its environment. Concerning the salt load, the research consists of hygroscopic moisture content measurements, quantitative ion analyses, and the prediction of phase equilibria using the thermodynamic model ECOS/RUNSALT. This model can predict the salt crystallization sequences of a particular ion mixture. The output is mathematically evaluated with collected temperature and relative humidity data, which enables the calculation of the number of salt crystallization–deliquescence cycles. The results show that even small amounts of salts can cause damage over a long period of time when the environment causes frequent cycles of crystallization–deliquescence over time. It is shown how a mixture of small amounts of (double) salts, including hygroscopic ones, can have a significant effect on the decay of historic building materials in the case of daily changing climatic conditions and periods of extreme drought. As a result, the crystallization of double salts and hygroscopic salts such as calcium nitrate cannot be ignored. The scientific method and the results are described.