Physical Education Teacher Attitudes toward Fitness Tests Scale: Cross-Revalidation and Modification

This study aimed to provide further evidence of validity and reliability for the Physical Education Teacher Attitudes toward Fitness Tests Scale (PETAFTS), which consisted of affective and cognitive domains. There were two subdomains in the affective domain (i.e., enjoyment of implementing fitness tests and enjoyment of using test results) and one domain in the cognitive domain (i.e., beliefs in the usefulness of test results). Full-time physical education teachers (N?=?469) from two southwestern states in the United States participated in the study. Reliability and validity of the scale were examined. Alphas were computed for the entire 16-item scale, the affective and cognitive domains, and the two subdomains, respectively, to test the reliability. Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was employed to investigate the construct validity. The commonly used CFA indices, such as the chi square (χ²), the comparative fit index (CFI), the Tucker-Lewis Index (TLI), the goodness of fit index (GFI), and the root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA), were used to assess the fit of the data to the model. The CFA results suggested that the data from the study did not fit the original model proposed by Keating and Silverman (2004b) Keating, X. D. and Silverman, S. 2004b. Physical education teacher attitudes toward fitness test scale: Development and validation. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 23: 143–161. [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], resulting in the elimination of item 3. The fitness of the data to the model was improved and deemed acceptable. More studies on the reliability and validity of the scale are needed in the future in order to use the scale with more confidence.     

Determining validity and identifying nonresponse bias in a survey requesting income data

Two procedures for validating incomes self-reported in ranges by University of Kentucky doctoral graduates, one comparing grouped data to income data collected by the National Academy of Sciences (1974) for the same year, 1973, the other comparing individual self-report data in a double-blind process to state income tax records, indicating that the self-report data were generally accurate. A check of respondents versus nonrespondents in various categories (sex, age, graduation year, Holland type, Biglan type) showed no difference in the proportion of response in any category. Comparison of nonrespondent income with respondent income in state income tax records revealed that nonrespondents averaged almost $3,500.00 less income during that year than did respondents. This finding held true across all categories but two.     

高校教师信息行为有效性及其实现途径

高校教师信息行为是指高校教师应用信息工具对信息资源进行有效地收集、整理、组织、分析、使用、管理和评价的教学行为.高校教师信息行为有效性具有信息需求的多样性、信息意识的超前性、信息获取手段的先进性和信息分析的批判性等特征.高校教师信息行为有效性的实现途径是:加强高校教师教育信息理论培训;在教学实践中增强教师信息行为有效性;通过自我反思提高教师信息行为有效性;不断提升高校教师网络技术素养.     

高校招生中使用发展性评价结果面临的问题

高校招生中使用发展性评价结果是必要的.但是,对发展性评价的使用还存在着其评价结果缺乏可比性,效度、信度不高,在现有高校招生条件下难以操作等问题.     

Causal Inferences in the Campbellian Validity System

The purpose of the present paper is to critically examine causal inferences and internal validity as defined by Campbell and co‐workers. Several arguments are given against their counterfactual effect definition, and this effect definition should be considered inadequate for causal research in general. Moreover, their defined independence between internal and construct validity is not meaningful. An alternative causal inference and its validity are proposed, where the causal effect is defined in factual terms, and where the causal inference includes constructs.     

协商货币评估法中的参与不平等性研究——以胶州湾围填海造地生态损害评估为例

协商货币评估法通过在调查过程中引入协商环节,在提高环境物品估值有效性方面具有较大应用潜力,但同时协商过程中受访者的参与不平等使其估值结果面临质疑。本文以胶州湾海域围填海造地生态损害评估为例,探讨协商货币评估法中参与不平等的存在性及其对估值结果的影响。结果表明：①在协商过程中,受访者参与程度具有明显差异,是否为意见领袖是导致协商参与程度差异的最重要因素,收入水平、年龄对协商参与程度差异也具有一定贡献度;②协商讨论过程使得受访者的支付意愿水平显著下降,在协商后,海洋生态环境对受访者主观幸福感的影响程度、受访者对于围填海造地的态度、受教育程度与收入水平等变量开始对支付意愿产生显著影响;③协商讨论过程将促使受访者获取额外信息,并通过小组作用机制使个体偏好收敛于小组集体偏好的惯性重心,上述两个因素共同驱动受访者在协商讨论后改变其初始偏好,意味着协商环节为受访者形成真实偏好提供了充分的信息支持,但也因协商参与不平等的存在使得最终估值结果更多反映个别参与者的意志,在一定程度上影响了协商货币评估法的估值有效性。研究结论对规范协商货币评估法估值流程以提高估值有效性具有指导意义,为协商货币评估法在中国的应用提供参考依据。     

信度的正用与误用

讨论了信度检验的出发点以及信度和效度的关系.信度是效度的必要条件但非充分条件,效度则是信度的充分条件但非必要条件.介绍了判断重测信度、同质信度和评分者一致性信度的方法和数量标准.讨论了克隆巴赫α的问题和解决办法.特别指出,研究论文应当报告信度的种类和信度的系数,应当区别原始研究中的信度和当前研究中的信度,应当分清哪些内容需要、哪些内容不需要进行信度检验.     

体育科学实验研究设计10个常见问题及对策

摘要：实验法是体育科学研究常用的研究方法之一,更是体育科学研究领域探讨因果关系的核心方法。实验设计是实验研究的灵魂,是保证实验研究有效的前提和基础。基于此目的,总结了体育科学实验研究设计常见的10个问题,包括：研究设计缺乏理论依据,系列实验研究间的关联缺乏条理,实验设计类型不清晰、组间变量与组内变量混淆,单因素设计替代多因素设计,非平衡的多因素组合实验违背了实验的均衡原则,重复测量实验设计没有平衡顺序误差,缺乏有效的对照导致内部效度较低,研究样本量偏小导致实验结果的可重复性差,实验室实验忽视了实验真实性和心理真实性对生态学效度的影响,实验设计缺乏有效的统计检验。具体分析了每一个问题对实验效度的影响,进而提出了改进实验设计的对策。     

运用双级数控选模法对体院教师工作状况(成绩)综合评定的实验研究

本文根据统计学原理、控制理论及人的认知规律研究设计出了双级数控选模评定模型,并试图将它应用于对体院教师工作状态(成绩)的综合考评,经过实验验证和理论分析,表明这一办法具有较强的科学性,且经济实用,达到了评定考核中减少人为因素影响、简化指标体系的目的。     

A Quantum Measurement Paradigm for Educational Predicates: Implications for validity in educational measurement

Abstract

The outcomes of educational assessments undoubtedly have real implications for students, teachers, schools and education in the widest sense. Assessment results are, for example, used to award qualifications that determine future educational or vocational pathways of students. The results obtained by students in assessments are also used to gauge individual teacher quality, to hold schools to account for the standards achieved by their students, and to compare international education systems. Given the current high-stakes nature of educational assessment, it is imperative that the measurement practices involved have stable philosophical foundations. However, this article casts doubt on the theoretical underpinnings of contemporary educational measurement models. Aspects of Wittgenstein’s later philosophy and Bohr’s philosophy of quantum theory are used to argue that a quantum theoretical rather than a Newtonian model is appropriate for educational measurement, and the associated implications for the concept of validity are elucidated. Whilst it is acknowledged that the transition to a quantum theoretical framework would not lead to the demise of educational assessment, it is argued that, where practical, current high-stakes assessments should be reformed to become as ‘low-stakes’ as possible. This article also undermines some of the pro high-stakes testing rhetoric that has a tendency to afflict education.