浅析监理工程师对索赔管理的若干原则

在FIDIC合同条件下，监理工程师是施工管理的核心；在索赔管理时，监理工程师要公正、合理及时地处理索赔问题，则必须坚持科学性、时效性、公正性等若干原则。     

论死亡教育在社会转型期的解构和建构功能

死亡教育是一门从哲学、宗教、心理学、社会学、人类学、医学、生物学、经济学、法律、伦理学、学、艺术等多方面探讨死亡的学科，死亡教育具有终极性意义，也具有功能性的作用。在社会转型期，死亡教育的功能性作用能够解构流行的物质符号及话语，建构新的人精神和人空间，通过功能性作用的发挥，将人们的价值观重新带回终极性意义的追求。     

大规模教育考试科学属性之理论和实践思考

大规模教育考试的科学属性至少应该包括教育和心理测量学约束要求和考试的社会学约束要求两个层面。考试分数的可靠性、考试结果解释和使用的有效性、考试的公平性和考试对社会、学校教育教学的影响是考试科学属性的基本要素,这是考试的目的和结果的使用决定的,每一要素都有其独特的科学内涵。考试实践中,无论是考试测量目标的制定,试卷结构的确定,考试内容样本的采集,试题情景材料的选择和设问,难度的设置,考试后的评价等都应该围绕提高考试的科学性、提高考试的质量进行。     

A multilevel study of position effects in PISA achievement tests: student- and school-level predictors in the German tracked school system

Abstract

Position effects (PE) cause decreasing probabilities of correct item responses towards the end of a test. We analysed PEs in science, mathematics and reading tests administered in the German extension to the PISA 2006 study with respect to their variability at the student- and school-level. PEs were strongest in reading and weakest in mathematics. Variability in PEs was found at both levels of analysis. PEs were stronger for male students, for students with a migration background (science and mathematics), and for students with a less favourable socio-economic background (reading). At the school level, PEs were stronger in lower school tracks and in schools with a high proportion of students with a migration background. The relationships of the test scores with the covariates partly reflected the covariates’ relationships with PEs. Our findings suggest that PEs should be taken seriously in large-scale assessments as they have an undesirable impact on the results.     

现阶段农村金融需求分析

农村金融需求对农村金融服务体系的安排有着重要的影响。本从需求与经济发展入手，科学地分析了农村金融需求的有效性同时还带有很强的层次性。要提高农村金融水平，需以需求为导向，构建新型、多元、竞争的农村金融服务体系。     

A Critical Evaluation of a Reading Comprehension Test （ Ⅰ ）

This paper evaluates a reading test designed as the final examination of some third year secondary school students in Singapore. Based on the data, histogram is made to illustrate the distribution of different marks among the candidates. The paper then proceeds on to discuss the reliability and validity of the test. Problems affecting the validity of the test are pointed out and improvements are suggested.     

The alignment between the fourth grade Lebanese science curriculum and classroom assessments

The purpose of this study was to investigate the alignment between the fourth-grade summative classroom assessments and the ‘Matter and Energy’ unit in the Lebanese science curriculum using: content and cognitive levels. Summative assessments were collected from a sample of 17 schools. The alignment between the classroom assessments and the Lebanese science curriculum were examined using three instruments: Curriculum Coding Sheet, Items Coding Sheet, and Item Analysis Sheet. The curricular learning objectives were used for matching the test items to the learning objectives in terms of content. Findings showed moderate content alignment; further analysis revealed that public schools had higher content alignment, and they covered a wider range of topics. In terms of cognitive level, there was a low alignment between the assessments collected and the curriculum; however, there were items that had higher cognitive level. Recommendations for curriculum developers and future research are discussed in light of these findings.     

经济增长与政治和谐——兼论新时期党执政合法性体系战略的路径构建

在现代国家,政治文明所体现的统治权源于自然或传统的因素大大减少,影响政治统治的因素越来越多,越来越复杂。新中国成立后,中国共产党很快就确立自己的执政地位,但改革开放使党的执政环境有了很大变化。中国共产党在构建社会主义和谐社会的实践中,必须保持清醒的头脑,拓宽和创新合法性内涵,构建科学合理的合法性体系,实现经济增长和政治和谐的“双赢”局面,从而巩固自己的执政地位。     

传统完形填空与C-试题的效度对比研究

通过定性和定量研究，分析传统完形填空中的定距删词和C—试题在中国英语考试中的效度。对比研究发现，在试题的编写、评分和信度方面，C—试题优于传统完形填空，它简单、经济、客观、信度高。传统完形填空则在效度方面高于C—试题，建议将其作为一种替换题型用于综合英语能力考试中。C—试题可作为一种词汇练习形式用于课堂练习或词汇测试中。     

发展性障碍儿童初筛行为检核表的编制

发展性障碍儿童初筛行为检核表是为了筛查学龄期发展性障碍儿童而编制的,编制的基本理念是根据各类型障碍儿童的典型行为特征构建量表的架构。本量表可作为广大普通学校教师、心理教师筛查、转介发展性障碍儿童的一项有效工具;主要用于初步筛查和诊断智力障碍儿童、学习障碍儿童、注意力缺陷多动儿童以及情绪障碍儿童。该量表的特点表现在:(1)项目的回答模式合理;(2)该量表具有较高的信度和效度;(3)该量表可以区分不同类型的发展性障碍儿童。