An Examination of Descriptive and Injunctive Norm Influence on Intention to Get Drunk

The influential impact of norms on problematic drinking is widely documented; however, the relevant theories purporting these effects point to multiple and varied normative components. A better understanding of the conceptual distinctions and the differential role they play can have practical implications for college prevention efforts. The purpose of the current study was to test the role of campus drinking norms, as posited by Social Norms theory (SNT) in predicting intentions to get drunk using a Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) framework. Results found that SNT components did not significantly add to the prediction of intent beyond that of attitudes, subjective norms, and past behavior. Implications for prevention campaigns are discussed.     

煤炭消费的制约因素及对策研究

煤炭是我国的主要能源,是国民经济和社会发展不可缺少的物资基础。＂十二五＂煤炭产业规划中依然提出了我国对煤炭的旺盛需求。但是,随着部分地区产量接近饱和,煤炭行业的安全生产、生态环境压力越来越大,合理控制能源消费总量迫在眉睫。本文主要介绍了我国煤炭资源消费的现状,分析了煤炭产业的制约因素,并提出了煤炭产业发展的一些对策。     

农业信息资源的公共物品属性及其配置模式研究

农业信息资源具有公共物品属性,因而对农业信息资源配置模式产生重要影响。本文对农业信息资源的公共物品特性予以深入分析,在此基础上,研究了农业信息资源的配置模式。     

我国不同类型城市体育用品流通组织的现状研究

通过实际调查,揭示了我国不同类型城市体育用品流通组织的现状、基本特征和所存在的主要问题。     

Developing a scale for measuring the perceived value of cultural institutions

Previous research into the value of cultural institutions has emphasized a variety of benefits arising from cultural institutions such as social, educational and health-related impacts. An economic assessment of cultural institutions is usually made in monetary units. This one-dimensional assessment of value has been criticized for being elusive, disregarding the complex and multidimensional nature of cultural values. This article suggests scales for measuring the value of cultural institutions. Based on previous research, and an exploratory study on the perceived value of cultural institutions, this article describes the development of a scale using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses. Six factors comprise the scale: social, educational, health, image, identity and financial effects. The scale may be used to describe and compare the value of cultural institutions qualitatively. Conclusions about the perceived contribution of different institutions may be possible. From a policy perspective, the scale may allow an understanding of the contribution individuals with different socioeconomic backgrounds perceive the cultural institution as making.     

再议体育产业与体育事业

从逻辑学，经济学等几个方面对体育产业，体育事业以及两者之间的关系进行剖析，明确了两者的定义，提出了对两者关系的理解，即：从逻辑学的角度看，这两者应当是反对的关系，两者的外延完全不同，同时两概念外延之和小于邻近的属概念的外延，两者之间存在着本质的区别；从产业经济学的角度看，体育产业是同类体育产品生产企业的总和。而这种同类的体育产品只能表现为体育劳务。     

辽宁省农村居民消费结构的动态分析

采用2001~2011年辽宁省农村居民人均消费支出数据,运用恩格尔系数法对其进行分析,揭示了现阶段辽宁省农村居民的消费特征.     

The social stratification of theatre,dance and cinema attendance

In current sociological literature the relationship between social inequality and patterns of cultural taste and consumption is the subject of a large and complex debate. In this paper the primary aim is to examine, in the light of empirical results from a research project in which the authors are presently engaged, three main, and rival, positions that have been taken up in this debate, here labelled as the ‘homology’, the ‘individualization’ and the ‘omnivore–univore’ arguments. Elsewhere, we have concentrated on musical consumption in England, and find evidence that is broadly supportive of the omnivore–univore argument. Here we ask whether such findings are confirmed in the case of theatre, dance and cinema attendance. A secondary aim of the paper is to bring to the attention of practitioners in the field of cultural policy and administration the need to address the issues that arise through the use of more powerful methods of data analysis than those often applied in the past. We explain how indicators of theatre, dance and cinema attendance derived from the Arts in England survey of 2001 can be subject to analysis so as to reveal two distinctive patterns of attendance and, in turn, two distinctive types of consumer—who can, it turns out, be regarded as omnivores and univores, even if with some qualification. The former have relatively high rates of attendance at all kinds of the events covered, including musicals and pantomimes as well as plays and ballet, while the latter tend to be cinema-goers only, that is, non-consumers of theatre and dance. A range of measures of social inequality are then introduced into the authors' analyses, including separate measures of social class and social status and also of educational level and income, and it is further shown that, again in conformity with the omnivore–univore argument, these two types of consumer are socially stratified. Omnivores are of generally higher social status than univores and also have usually higher levels of education and higher income than do univores (the latter finding marking the main difference with musical consumption, which was unaffected by income once other stratification variables were controlled). In sum, our results for theatre, dance and cinema attendance lend, overall, further support to the omnivore–univore argument as against its rivals, but also indicate that different aspects of social inequality impact on different forms of cultural consumption in varying degrees and probably through largely separate processes.     

体育科学向深度与广度发展的两个方向

本文提出了体育科学向深度和广度发展的两个重大方向:建立运动行为网络系统的基础科学研究分支和面向群众体育,组织与引导体育消费的技、工、贸结合体系。此外,还讨论了科技兴体与科技兴于体的辩证关系。     

社会空间与社会阶级——布迪厄阶级理论与贝尔后工业社会的中轴原理之比较

布迪厄从＂文化与社会分层＂关系角度,把文化作为一个阶层划分的标识,同时认为消费方式具有社会分类的功能。丹尼尔.贝尔的后工业社会的中轴原理与之不同,它强调理论知识处于中心地位,成为社会发展中轴进而引起阶级结构变化,因而受科学知识作用影响的新职能结构将重新划分社会各阶层。