田径、举重运动员下肢反应力量能力探析

采用国际上通用的反应力量测试手段和方法，对191名田径、举重运动员和普通人进行了实验测试，通过对测试结果的统计分析，发现：（1）田径、举重运动员下肢反应力量测试结果未能表现出运动项目和竞技水平间的显著性差异；（2）跳深实验中，适宜的下落高度随着性别、运动项目、竞技水平等条件的不同，差异较大，因此，判定适宜的下落高度时，最好具体分析，因人而异；（3）起跳时间对于判定适宜的下落高度也有一定影响，准确的适宜下落高度的判定，对于反应力量的训练具有重要意义。     

功能性训练:释义与应用

功能训练起源于康复领域,在有效性得到证实后逐步渗透到竞技体育领域,成为体能训练的重要方法。近年来,我国教练员试图将功能性训练用于竞技体育训练,遇到理论上的困惑。研究功能性训练的科学背景、概念界定和内涵、功能训练原则,理清功能性训练和传统训练,功能性训练和核心训练的关系,为我国现代体能训练方法体系科学化奠定基础。     

Effects of heat acclimation on hand cooling efficacy following exercise in the heat

This study examined the separate and combined effects of heat acclimation and hand cooling on post-exercise cooling rates following bouts of exercise in the heat. Seventeen non-heat acclimated (NHA) males (mean ± SE; age, 23 ± 1 y; mass, 75.30 ± 2.27 kg; maximal oxygen consumption [VO₂ max], 54.1 ± 1.3 ml·kg^?1·min^?1) completed 2 heat stress tests (HST) when NHA, then 10 days of heat acclimation, then 2 HST once heat acclimated (HA) in an environmental chamber (40°C; 40%RH). HSTs were 2 60-min bouts of treadmill exercise (45% VO₂ max; 2% grade) each followed by 10 min of hand cooling (C) or no cooling (NC). Heat acclimation sessions were 90–240 min of treadmill or stationary bike exercise (60–80% VO₂ max). Repeated measures ANOVA with Fishers LSD post hoc (α < 0.05) identified differences. When NHA, C (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) had a greater cooling rate than NC (0.013 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (mean difference [95%CI]; 0.007°C [0.001,0.013], P = 0.035). Once HA, C (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to NC (0.025 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) (0.004°C [?0.003,0.011], P = 0.216). Hand cooling when HA (0.021 ± 0.002°C·min^?1) was similar to when NHA (0.020 ± 0.003°C·min^?1) (P = 0.77). In conclusion, when NHA, C provided greater cooling rates than NC. Once HA, C and NC provided similar cooling rates.     

第31届奥运会男篮参赛球队攻防能力研究

采用文献资料法、录像观察法和秩和比法等,对参加31届奥运会男篮比赛球队的攻防能力进行综合量化评价,并将中国男篮与对手的攻防能力指标进行对比分析.结果显示:中国男篮进攻RSR处于D级,在得分、助攻、3分球命中率与罚球命中率上,与对手存在非常显著性差异,在失误数、进攻篮板、3分球出手数上与对手存在显著性差异;中国男篮防守RSR处于D级,防守篮板数比对手少,而失分和犯规数比对手多,且在犯规数上与法国男篮存在显著性差异;中国男篮攻防RSR处于E级;球队最终排名与进攻RSR值和攻防RSR值之间存在非常显著性相关.     

第64届美国运动医学会年会关于“运动益处的生物网络”研究热点与趋势

摘要：概述美国运动医学第64th年会的主要内容和目标;归纳“机体对运动反应/适应的生物网络”研究的报告热点;介绍美国国立卫生院资助项目,“人类体力活动的分子传感器”的研究设计和组成。建立各取所长、分工合作的研发联盟是进行运动促进健康分子机制研究的必要途径;基于集合最新研究技术和分析方法,从宏观到微观再到宏观,从整体到局部再到整体的整合性系统实验设计是链接运动益处与其作用机制的桥梁。在未来,该领域的研究成果不仅仅是精准运动的实现、运动依存性的提高和对慢性病的辅助治疗,同时如果能够发现传递运动益处的分子,研发成产品,这必将会为人类健康产生深远影响。     

Kinematic analysis of the drag flick in field hockey

Attaining high speed of the stick head and consequently of the ball is essential for successful performance of the drag flick in field hockey, but the coordination pattern used to maximise stick head speed is unknown. The kinematics of the drag flick was studied in ten elite hockey players who performed twenty shots each towards a target located 1.5 m high. A 150 Hz active marker motion analysis system was used, alongside two force plates to detect foot touchdown. Angular velocity and contribution to stick endpoint speed of upper body joints were analysed. Repeated measures ANOVA was used to compare timing of onset and peak angular velocities between joints. Participants used a kinematic pattern that was close to a proximal-to-distal sequence. Trunk axial rotation and lateral rotation towards the target, right wrist flexion and left wrist extension were the main contributors to stick endpoint speed. Coaches should emphasise trunk rotations and wrist flexion and extension movements for maximising stick head speed. Given the high level of the participants in this study, the coordination of joints motions, as reported here, can serve as a guideline for drag flick training.     

Intergroup Contact,Media Exposure,and Racial Attitudes

The present investigation uses intergroup contact and media systems’ dependency theories to illuminate the relative significance of various sources of information in shaping Caucasian-American attitudes toward African-Americans. It uses empirical data from an exploratory survey of college students to build a chain of related variables that link primary sources of information (face-to-face versus mediated) to stereotypical beliefs, perceived internal causal attributions for African-Americans’ failures, and prejudicial feelings toward African-Americans. Results suggest that face-to-face sources of racial/ethnic out-group information are more effective than mediated sources in prejudice reduction. The discussion includes theoretical and practical implications of the findings.     

繁荣背后的冷思考:论武侠影视对中国武术传播的影响

采用文献资料法、逻辑分析法等研究方法,深入剖析了影视媒介对中国武术传播的影响.研究认为:武侠影视作为传播中国武术的一种方式,一方面它向世界展现了中国武术的博大精深,形成新型的武侠影视产业,促进了中国武术的传播;另一方面,武侠影视在传播中国武术的过程中,给中国武术披上了神秘的外衣,使武术出现内容肤浅和文化内涵缺失等现象,以致于造成对中国武术的误读.     

振动力量训练对跳远运动员膝关节肌力变化影响的实验

为了拓宽专项力量训练途径,丰富和创新力量训练方法,通过振动力量训练组(II组)和传统力量训练组(I)对比实验研究来探索振动力量训练对跳远运动员下肢肌肉力量训练效果的影响规律,为进一步振动力量训练发展和应用提供实验依据。实验结果表明:振动力量训练法能在同等的负荷条件下,能更有效地发展运动员膝关节屈肌群的最大力量、快速力量、爆发力,其中伸肌表现不明显;振动力量训练也提高了运动员的膝关节肌群力量耐力水平,同时使膝关节屈伸肌群得到协调发展。     

软实力视角下中国武术的发展

通过对软实力和文化软实力的研究,阐述了武术软实力的概念。武术软实力的核心要素包括：武术生命的传承延续力、武术精神的民族凝聚力、武德的感召力、武术的艺术审美力、武技的创新力五个方面。在新的历史时期,武术软实力的建设主要有武术文化层、竞赛管理体制层和对外传播层三个方面,以此加速武术国际化进程。