Effects of coffee and caffeine anhydrous on strength and sprint performance

Caffeine and coffee are widely used among active individuals to enhance performance. The purpose of the current study was to compare the effects of acute coffee (COF) and caffeine anhydrous (CAF) intake on strength and sprint performance. Fifty-four resistance-trained males completed strength testing, consisting of one-rep max (1RM) and repetitions to fatigue (RTF) at 80% of 1RM for leg press (LP) and bench press (BP). Participants then completed five, 10-second cycle ergometer sprints separated by one minute of rest. Peak power (PP) and total work (TW) were recorded for each sprint. At least 48 hours later, participants returned and ingested a beverage containing CAF (300?mg flat dose; yielding 3–5?mg/kg bodyweight), COF (8.9?g; 303?mg caffeine), or placebo (PLA; 3.8?g non-caloric flavouring) 30 minutes before testing. LP 1RM was improved more by COF than CAF (p?=?.04), but not PLA (p?=?.99). Significant interactions were not observed for BP 1RM, BP RTF, or LP RTF (p?>?.05). There were no sprint?×?treatment interactions for PP or TW (p?>?.05). 95% confidence intervals revealed a significant improvement in sprint 1 TW for CAF, but not COF or PLA. For PLA, significant reductions were observed in sprint 4 PP, sprint 2 TW, sprint 4 TW, and average TW; significant reductions were not observed with CAF or COF. Neither COF nor CAF improved strength outcomes more than PLA, while both groups attenuated sprint power reductions to a similar degree. Coffee and caffeine anhydrous may be considered suitable pre-exercise caffeine sources for high-intensity exercise.     

How much does lower body strength impact Paralympic running performance?

Objectives: Development of evidence-based methods of Paralympic classification requires research quantifying the relative strength of association between ratio-scaled measures of impairment and athletic performance. The purpose of this study was to quantify the extent to which muscle strength affects running performance in runners with and without brain impairment. Design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: Participants were 41 male runners: 13 with brain impairments (RBI) and 28 non-disabled (NDR). All participants completed a maximal 60-m sprint and a novel battery of three lower limb isometric strength tests. Results: RBI showed significantly lower strength scores compared with NDR on the more affected side in leg flexion (176 vs. 243?N), leg extension (993 vs. 1661?N) and plantarflexion (824 vs. 1457?N). Significant differences were also seen on the less affected side in plantarflexion (1072 vs. 1508?N). RBI were significantly slower in the acceleration phase (0–15?m) (3.2?s?±?0.3?vs. 2.8?s?±?0.2) and top speed phase (30?60?m) (4.3?s?±?0.6?vs. 3.8?s?±?0.3). Correlation analysis showed stronger relationships between strength and running performance in RBI than NDR; however, the correlations were not significant. Conclusions: This study evaluated measures to assess strength for the purposes of classification and found that the measures were significantly different in RBI compared with NDR indicating the tests were able to capture strength impairment in this population. This study indicates that strength may be an important impairment type to assess in this population, as impairments of muscle strength may influence the outcome of running performance in athletes with more severe impairments.     

Physical activity profiles and selected muscular fitness variables in English schoolchildren: A north–south divide?

The aim of the study was to compare and contrast habitual physical activity (PA) profiles and muscular fitness in schoolchildren from northern and southern regions of England. Data were collected from two secondary schools in the north east (NE) of England. The study procedures followed methods employed by the East of England Healthy Hearts Study in 10–16-year-old boys and girls based in the south east (SE) region of England and data were compared. Habitual physical activity (PAQ-A), vertical jump test, and hand-grip (HG) strength were assessed. We converted raw scores from all assessments to age- and sex-normalised z-scores. We recruited 597 children (58% boys) in the NE and compared findings to 597 age- and sex-matched boys and girls from the SE. Boys in the SE had significantly stronger HG scores, jumped higher, were more powerful (mean peak power: 2131?W vs. 1782?W; P?P?P?相似文献   

Low-intensity electrical muscle stimulation induces significant increases in muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of low-intensity exercise training using belt electrode skeletal muscle electrical stimulation on muscle strength and cardiorespiratory fitness in healthy subjects. Nineteen healthy subjects were allocated into control or intervention groups; in both groups the participants kept regular physical activity while the intervention group underwent 30 min B-SES training at 3–4 METs for four weeks. Knee extensor muscle strength and cardiorespiratory endurance during incremental exercise test were measured at baseline and after four weeks for all participants. The relative change of knee extensor muscle strength in the intervention group was significantly higher than control group (p?p?相似文献   

钢结构材料在高温(火灾)条件下的力学性能试验研究

从基本的钢结构材料在高温下的力学性能着手 ,进行高温条件下钢结构材料的性能试验 ,建立高温下钢材的屈服强度、极限强度、弹性模量和极限应变随温度变化的力学模型 ,为高温 (火灾 )条件下钢结构的结构分析提供依据。     

对高水平男子跳高运动员专项力量训练手段的研究

运用文献资料法、问卷调查法、统计分析等方法,对高水平男子跳高运动员专项力量训练手段进行统计研究,遴选出常用的、功效性高的专项力量训练手段18项,并将其分为爆发力、支撑力量、起跳力量、摆动力量和腹(背)肌力量5类,为男子跳高运动员专项力量的训练提供有价值的参考.     

篮球专项力量训练的研究

篮球运动员的力量训练应注重弹跳力、腰背部肌肉力量、小腿肌群力量和手臂、手腕、手指力量的发展.该研究从篮球专项力量训练的理论基础、训练方法的选择、需要注意的问题等方面进行了分析,为篮球专项力量的训练提供了重要参考.     

Cr3锻钢平整工作辊"桔皮"原因分析及改进措施

某热轧带钢厂Cr3材质锻钢平整工作辊每次上机服役仅生产1000t钢卷即需换辊修磨，严重影响产品质量和轧辊使用寿命。对Cr3材质锻钢工作辊进行硬度、金相组织等检验发现，虽然辊面金相组织正常，但是硬度偏低，导致在使用过程中出现塑性变形，表明这种材质的工作辊不适合在“干”平整的工况条件下用作热轧平整工作辊。建议采用具有更高耐磨性、更高热稳定性的高速工具钢、半高速工具钢和改进型高NiCr无限冷硬铸铁工作辊等材质工作辊代替Cr3材质锻钢工作辊，以提高生产效率和轧辊寿命。     

Random vibration analysis of switching apparatus based on Monte Carlo method

The performance in vibration environment of switching apparatus containing mechanical contact is an important element when judging the apparatus’s reliability. A piecewise linear two-degrees-of-freedom mathematical model considering contact loss was built in this work, and the vibration performance of the model under random external Gaussian white noise excitation was investigated by using Monte Carlo simulation in Matlab/Simulink. Simulation showed that the spectral content and statistical characters of the contact force coincided strongly with reality. The random vibration character of the contact system was solved using time (numerical) domain simulation in this paper. Conclusions reached here are of great importance for reliability design of switching apparatus.     

论杠杆原理在体育实践中的应用

杠杆原理在运动员选材中的应用主要着重于先天性因素中身体形态的测量及其比例关系;力量训练中,可用增加阻力和延长阻力臂的手段来发展肌力;在不同运动项目中主要起到维持平衡、增速和省力的作用.