4～6岁儿童书面数符号表征和理解能力发展的个案研究

通过测查、观察、问卷与访谈的方法对8名个案儿童的书面数符号表征能力的发展进行中、大班两年的跟踪研究表明：个案儿童的书面数符号表征能力在两年中有了不同程度的进步,但表现出较大的个别差异。儿童的书面数符号表征能力在两年中表现出相对的稳定性,中班上学期的书面数符号表征能力得分高的儿童在大班末时得分仍然偏高。儿童的基数概念、书面数符号表征能力以及书面加减运算之间有着密切的联系。高得分组与低得分组的儿童表现出明显的个性差异,如在学习兴趣、注意力、自控力与坚持性方面高得分组有明显的优势。高得分组与低得分组的儿童的家庭教育也表现出不同的特点。     

Learning the principles of simulation using the birthday problem

Using the famous Birthday problem, we present here a practical activity that allows students to perceive the basic reasoning behind simulation and explore its potential. Through a playful approach with probabilities, students are led along a path that illustrates difficulties with intuition and introduces them to theoretical results for sample proportions.