关联认知原则解析

本文对关联认知原则的三个核心概念(关联程度、认知效果与推理努力)之间的关系进行分析:关联程度决定交际的效果,认知效果与推导努力是提高关联程度的两个变量,认知语用是心智模式与推理规则相结合的言语交际行为。     

特种加工及其对机械制造结构工艺性的影响

特种加工作为先进制造技术中的重要组成部分,对制造业的作用日益重要.特种加工方法就是将电、磁、声、光、化学等能量或其组合施加在工件的被加工部位上,从而实现材料被去除、变形、改变性能或被镀覆等的加工方法.特种加工具有区别于传统机械加工方法的一些特点;特种加工有多种加工方法;特种加工对机械制造及结构工艺性具有重大影响.     

Length-based vehicle classification in multi-lane traffic flow

For the realtime classification of moving vehicles in the multi-lane traffic video sequences, a length-based method is proposed. To extract the moving regions of interest, the difference image between the updated background and current frame is obtained by using background subtraction, and then an edge-based shadow removal algorithm is implemented. Moreover, a thresholding segmentation method for the region detection of moving vehicle based on location search is developed. At the estimation stage, a registration line is set up in the detection area, then the vehicle length is estimated with the horizontal projection technique as soon as the vehicle leaves the registration line. Lastly, the vehicle is classified according to its length and the classification threshold. The proposed method is different from traditional methods that require complex camera calibrations. It calculates the pixel-based vehicle length by using uncalibrated traffic video sequences at lower computational cost. Furthermore, only one registration line is set up, which has high flexibility. Experimental results of three traffic video sequences show that the classification accuracies for the large and small vehicles are 97.1% and 96.7% respectively, which demonstrates the effectiveness of the proposed method.     

Implicit attitudes toward children may be unrelated to child abuse risk

Objective

To explore whether adults possess implicit attitudes toward children and whether those attitudes are especially negative among respondents who are high in child physical abuse (CPA) risk.

Methods

The present study used an implicit evaluative priming procedure. In this procedure, participants were instructed to make decisions about the evaluative implications of target words. These words were preceded by photographs of child faces or adult faces displaying positive, neutral, or negative expressions. Reaction times for the evaluative decisions were used as an index of the extent to which photos invoked negative or positive evaluative reactions.

Results

Results from 2 studies, the first conducted on a student sample (N = 90) and the second on a parent sample (N = 95), demonstrated that evaluative congruence between the facial expressions displayed in photographs and the target words facilitated responses. Furthermore, the results suggested that regardless of CPA risk, child faces, relative to adult faces, facilitated responses to negative target words, suggesting an out-group bias. This implicit out-group bias was not moderated by respondents’ CPA risk status.

Conclusions

Faces of children, relative to faces of adults, appear to activate negative information structures that facilitate evaluative decisions of negative stimuli, suggesting an out-group bias. Given that out-group biases typically lead to less favorable treatment of out-group members, additional research is needed to examine the pervasiveness of negative evaluative biases towards children and the potential implications of such biases on children's lives. Further, research examining whether high CPA risk parents and low CPA risk parents differ in how they manage initial negative evaluative reactions is needed.     

具有两个生成元的小波框架的信号去噪

介绍了小波框架的基本知识和小波框架的分解重构算法,及小波框架阈值去噪算法,对Haar小波、db4小波、sym8小波和小波框架进行去噪实验,仿真实验结果表明最小能量小波框架去噪效果优于Haar小波、db4小波、sym8小波的去噪效果.     

基于Matlab图像处理的水泥路面裂缝检测研究

以水泥混凝土路面的裂缝检测及特征提取为研究对象。利用Matlab的数字图像处理技术,对采集到的水泥路面裂缝图像进行了一系列处理,最终达到提取裂缝特征数据的目的。结果表明：对图像的灰度化、中值滤波、平滑、锐化分割以及形态学处理后,裂缝图像有明显去噪效果、平滑效果、边缘模糊影响最小,所用裂缝计算方法可以准确地得到线性裂缝的长度以及网状裂缝的面积。     

歌唱艺术中影响情感因素和表现形式分析

歌唱艺术不仅是个人在舞台上展示歌唱技艺的表演艺术,同时也是通过演唱者自身的"乐器"对歌曲作品进行艺术再创造。歌唱艺术中的情感体验和表现是歌唱、诠释声乐作品的两大重要因素,二者互补、相辅相成。     

The effects of first language orthographic features on word recognition processing in English as a second language

This study investigated the possible effects of first language (L1) orthographic characteristics on word recognition in English as a second language (ESL). Case alternation was used to examine the impact of visually distorted words of different types on fluent ESL readers' word recognition in naming. Visual distortion of word shape (i.e., cAsE aLtErNaTiOn) was utilized because, although visually distorted words have lost word-shape cues, they preserve the cue value of words (i.e., spelling patterns). It, therefore, was hypothesized that if one is sensitive to alphabetic orthography, or if one's inner mechanism of processing an alphabetic word is efficient, then the visual disruption of word-shape cues should not affect one's sensitivity to sequences of letters in words. In other words, this study focused on the magnitude of the effect of case alternation in word recognition as an index of the sensitivity to alphabetic words. Results showed that the magnitude of the case alternation effect in a naming task was significantly larger for the ESL participants whose L1 is not alphabetic (i.e., Chinese and Japanese) than the ESL participants whose L1 is alphabetic (i.e., Iranians -- Persian as L1). This result seems to indicate that the Persian speakers, due to the facilitating influence of their L1 orthography, were less influenced by case alternation than the Chinese and Japanese speakers, whose L1 orthographies are not alphabetic. This finding suggests that the first language orthographic features affect the orthographic coding mechanisms (i.e., word recognition mechanisms) in a second language.     

如何发挥数学试题的反馈矫正功能

在测量学生数学能力水平的过程中,借助于精心设计和有效分析,可以提高试题的反馈矫正功能,具体方法包括选择题的选项设计和分析、解答题的层级分析和解答题的信息加工分析等。     

基于数字图像处理的数显仪表数字识别

基于数字图像处理技术研究了数显仪表中的数字识别,首先对图像进行预处理和二值化,然后对图像连通域进行快速提取并标号,最后根据数字模板和区域结构特征对数字和小数点进行识别。实验结果表明,数显仪表中的数字能得到有效的识别。