地球大数据支撑海洋可持续发展

海洋生态系统的健康和安全,直接关系到全人类的健康和福祉。有效监测数据不足、科学决策信息缺失等因素一定程度上影响了海洋可持续发展目标(SDG 14)的顺利实施。地球大数据具备宏观、动态、客观监测能力,可在支撑SDG 14实现中起到重要作用。在中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(A类)的支持下,基于地球大数据相关技术和方法,我国已有效开展了海洋缺失数据集生产、目标本地化模型构建等具体实践。在以上分析基础上,文章提出了积极参与国际社会地球大数据共享,加强科技创新对SDG 14实现的驱动,深度参与联合国海洋治理计划等建议。     

大数据对物流供应链创新发展的影响与应用对策研究

相较于物流供应链的传统技术,基于大数据技术的物流供应链呈现智能化、共生化、短链化、智慧化的发展趋势。以农产品供应链为例,分析了大数据对物流供应链创新发展的四方面主要影响,提出了大数据技术推动物流供应链创新发展的对策建议,为加快实现技术创新驱动发展提供参考。     

人工智能伦理准则与治理体系:发展现状和战略建议

首先,界定人工智能伦理准则的基本概念,分析人工智能发展现状。然后,探讨导致人工智能伦理问题的主要原因,总结人工智能典型应用场景下的伦理问题,包括自动驾驶、智能媒体、智慧医疗、服务机器人等;此外,围绕应对人工智能伦理问题的基本原则探索治理框架体系,包括技术应对、道德规范、政策引导、法律规则等方面。最后,结合我国人工智能发展规划战略部署,指出在社会治理的落地过程中宜采取分层次、多维度的治理体系,并提出在人工智能伦理准则和治理方面的具体措施建议(2020-2035年),包括社会宣传、标准体系、法律法规等方面。     

科技服务业集聚化发展关键影响因素识别研究——基于直觉模糊层次分析法

在对科技服务业集聚化发展的本质进行深入剖析基础上,提出科技服务业产业集聚区实质为协同创新生态网络的子网络。基于协同创新生态网络的影响视角,结合已有文献的解析,从政府、外部环境、内部环境3个维度提取影响科技服务业集聚化发展的因素,增加创新网络的影响因素,采用直觉模糊层次分析法对所有影响因素进行权重确定。以西安市为例,得到影响其科技服务业集聚化发展因素的重要度排序,其中宏观政策环境因素的影响最为关键,其次为区域产学研协同创新网络的科技创新能力和科技服务中介机构的协同能力。最后提出完善政府支撑政策、提高区域产学研协同创新网络的科技创新能力和建立高端科技服务聚集区等推进科技服务业集聚化发展的政策建议,为我国城市发展科技服务业专业化、全面覆盖科技创新产业链条的集聚化发展提供参考。     

生态位理论视阈下高校新型研发机构人才培养体系研究

高校新型研发机构是产学研深度合作的创新形态,作为国家创新体系的重要组成部分,其发展背后体现着新型高端特色人才的培养逻辑。基于生态位理论视野下的高校新型研发机构人才培养,以懂理论、懂科研、懂市场为目标,通过构建科研与市场的“双导师”指导体系、完善教学培养体系、健全毕业考核体系,充分发挥高校新型研发机构的“产学研”作用,将学生培养为精通理论、擅长研究、熟悉产业的新型特色高端创新人才,从而更好地解决高校人才培养与市场人才需求两张皮的现象,为国家创新驱动发展战略的实施提供高素质人才。     

医学院校大学生入党动机及现状的调查分析--基于广州市六所医学院校的调查

该文通过问卷调查的方式,旨在进一步了解新时期医学院校大学生的入党动机及现状,并通过分析影响医学院校大学生入党意愿与动机的因素,探寻适合新时期医学生党员的有效培养机制,为医学院校党组织建设打下坚实基础。     

Untangling the contributions of meteorological conditions and human mobility to tropospheric NO2 in Chinese mainland during the COVID-19 pandemic in early 2020

In early 2020, unprecedented lockdowns and travel bans were implemented in Chinese mainland to fight COVID-19, which led to a large reduction in anthropogenic emissions. This provided a unique opportunity to isolate the effects from emission and meteorology on tropospheric nitrogen dioxide (NO₂). Comparing the atmospheric NO₂ in 2020 with that in 2017, we found the changes of emission have led to a 49.3 ± 23.5% reduction, which was ∼12% more than satellite-observed reduction of 37.8 ± 16.3%. The discrepancy was mainly a result of changes of meteorology, which have contributed to an 8.1 ± 14.2% increase of NO₂. We also revealed that the emission-induced reduction of NO₂ has significantly negative correlations to human mobility, particularly that inside the city. The intra-city migration index derived from Baidu Location-Based-Service can explain 40.4% ± 17.7% variance of the emission-induced reduction of NO₂ in 29 megacities, each of which has a population of over 8 million in Chinese mainland.     

Social innovation and employment in the digital age: The case of the connect employment shuttles in Spain

The digital revolution has shaped the modern world in unprecedented ways. Moreover, the COVID-19 pandemic has highlighted the value of digital technologies. As the health crisis’ effect rippled through economic, political, and social structures worldwide, it also accelerated the adoption of digital tools to pool expertise, ideas, and capacities for generating solutions to the pandemic’s short- and long-term implications. One of the areas where major challenges have arisen is employment.In the whole panorama of digital social innovation in Spain, we find an experience that can be described as outstanding and that links employment and digitalization. However, despite being highly successful, there is hardly any academic literature on this experience. The Connect Employment Shuttles will be the subject of specific in-depth analysis in this article. This is a socially innovative program that has been developed since 2020 in collaboration with the Santa María la Real Foundation. The Connect Employment Shuttles are an existing model specialization, the Employment Shuttles, but applied in the field of digitalization. In this article, we present the origin of the Employment Shuttles and the differences between them and other labor market integration initiatives, their constituent elements, and the social impact they exert.The research question of our study is whether this innovative mechanism combining employment and digitalization is valid and reliable. The answer is particularly relevant for private and public entities interested in implementing effective measures against unemployment, especially in vulnerable groups. The main contribution of this study is the systematized presentation of the experience of the Connect Employment Shuttles and its results so far, being the major limitation is the scarcity and dispersion of information sources.     

基于OBE理念的线上教学实践探索及后疫情时代思考——以“测控仪器设计”课程为例

为抗击新冠肺炎疫情,我国开启了"停课不停学"大规模线上教学实践。该文以"测控仪器设计"课程为例,积极开展了基于OBE理念的线上教学重构设计,从教学目标、教学内容、教学方法、质量监控、评价体系、持续改进等方面进行了实践探索。基于线上教学的实践探索和教学反思,提出了后疫情时代教师发展和教学改革的新思路。     

欧亚一体化差异的历史考察

以欧盟为当前形态的欧洲一体化和以东盟为代表的亚洲一体化是当前区域国家协调与合作的典范,也是当代全球化趋势的时代表征。在全面审视欧盟与东盟一体化历史进程的基础上,从政治制度的相异、经济水平的悬殊、思想文化的迥异、领土争端的有无等方面,深入探究两者之间差异的致因,为当前我国合理应对其发展提供价值镜鉴。