《他们眼望上苍》中的黑人群像

《他们眼望上苍》是赫斯顿的代表作品,自她被沃克发现并推崇为黑人女性主义的先声之后,批评界涌现出大量关于其作品的评论文章,但其中大部分都是从不同的视角来看主人公珍妮的女性主义意识.而对小说里的一个重要情节和群体分析甚少：伊顿维尔市的黑人群像.作者运用大量的篇幅来描述该城市的建立过程和该市民对此的反应,让读者发现其与南方重建这一历史事件的相似性;利用建城这一事件使市民们的黑人双重意识凸显出来,同时揭开了黑人族群的集体历史和文化记忆深处的那道伤疤.珍妮能意识到种族创伤并最终得以走出,实现了自我身份的建构.     

Reclaiming nostalgia in educational politics and practice: counter-memory,aporetic mourning,and critical pedagogy

In this essay, the author attempts to complicate the reading of nostalgia in the cultural politics of education, arguing that the blind rhetoric of nostalgia for an idealized past can and should be critiqued in productive ways. Despite some literature addressing the consequences of nostalgia in the context of teaching, little has been done towards the direction of critically examining nostalgia in relation to the controversial issues of national memory and historical trauma and how those influence educational politics and practice. Central to the author's argument is that nostalgia has multiple meanings, some of which promote nationalist agendas while others offer opportunities for transformation. One way to begin the process of reclaiming nostalgia in education is to shift the discourse from restorative nostalgia to reflective nostalgia. The constructs of counter-memory and aporetic mourning provide useful theoretical lenses through which reflective nostalgia can promote productive ways of addressing national memory and historical trauma.     

试论巴克《再生》三部曲对“创伤后压力症”的描写

帕特 巴克(Pat Barker)是20世纪80年代英国文坛上崛起的著名作家,被誉为“英国现当代重要作家”。在《再生》三部曲里,她描写了许多参加过第一次世界大战的士兵因为在战场上遭受的痛苦经历而患上创伤后压力症,并随之产生一系列心理躯体化反应,真实地再现了战争给人类带来的灾难和痛苦,并且控诉了战争的残酷。     

‘Am I safe here and do you like me?’ Understanding complex trauma and attachment disruption in the classroom

Elementary and special education teachers and school counsellors currently provide support to children presenting learning disabilities and behavioural problems symptomatic of the more hidden diagnosis of complex trauma resulting from abuse or severe attachment disruption. Specific disorders such as attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (AD/HD) may be diagnosed in such children, but not the aetiology of complex trauma, resulting in missing information in the development of remedial and behavioural interventions. The evolving field of trauma counselling provides important information to special education teachers and school counsellors who work with children who have experienced trauma. In this review article authors Linda O'Neill of the University of Northern British Columbia (UNBC), Francis Guenette who is a doctoral student at the University of Victoria and Andrew Kitchenham of the University of Northern British Columbia summarise attachment, neurobiological, and complex trauma research that can be used in school settings to understand better the needs of these children. They conclude by suggesting that teachers and school counsellors would benefit from training on the consequences of childhood trauma and attachment disruption to develop interventions that will be effective and to identify what types of behaviours children can control and those they cannot.     

Where are all the males? Gender-specific typologies of childhood adversity based on a large community sample

BackgroundMethodological issues have been identified when quantifying exposure to adversity and abuse. To address a single type may obscure covarying effects. To sum multiple exposures gives equal weight to each. Latent class analysis (LCA) addresses this by identifying homogenous subpopulations. Most studies using LCA have pooled gender data in spite of evidence that the nature and frequency of exposure differs by gender. Males report more interpersonal abuse, females report more of other exposures, particularly sexual.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify if stratifying data by gender resulted in different profiles of adversity/abuseParticipants and setting: The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) wave II, a large community-based survey, nationally representative of the US population.MethodThis study used 14 indicators of childhood adversity as the basis for LCA.ResultsThe number and nature of classes differed by gender. The best solution for females was 4-class: a low risk class; a class at higher risk of sexual abuse; a class at higher risk of physical abuse; a class at higher risk of combined physical and sexual abuse. The best solution for males had only 3-classes; a low risk class, a class at higher risk of sexual abuse; a class at higher risk of physical abuse. The combined dataset resulted in a solution similar to the female solution.ConclusionThe importance of developing models for males and females separately was evidenced by the male and female classes being differentially associated with mental health variables.     

腹部闭合性肾损伤66例诊治体会

目的：探讨闭合性肾损伤的诊断和治疗方法。方法：对66例闭合性肾损伤的临床资料进行回顾性分析。结果：66例肾损伤中,Ⅰ级11例,Ⅱ级25例,Ⅲ级17例,Ⅳ级12例,Ⅴ级1例,伴有合并伤27例。保守治疗49例,手术治疗17例,其中包括选择性肾动脉栓塞治疗5例。治愈64例,死亡2例。结论：1）CT、B超检查准确率高,是诊断肾损伤的主要方法;2）迅速而正确的病情评估是治疗的关键;3）大多数腹部闭合性肾损伤可以采取保守治疗;4）选择性肾动脉栓塞创伤小,止血迅速有效,可作为Ⅲ级肾损伤的首选治疗方法,亦可作为肾修补术后继发性出血的治疗措施。     

存在缺失引发的生命悲歌

蒋蔚祖是《财主的儿女们》中的一个重要的人物形象,过去人们对他却缺少应有的重视。在他身上,封建父爱所带来的精神奴役的创伤,生存困境中所作的“原始强力”的反抗都鲜明地表现出路翎创作的特点。但这种表现,特别是“原始强力”的反抗给路翎的小说带来了难以突破的局限。