谈武术教学中的膝关节损伤及预防措施与治疗方法

本文对武术教学中膝关节损伤(骨骼劳损) 的病发原理、损伤原因、诊断、治疗方法以及预防措施等,进行了较为全面的论述。以引起武术教学工作者和学主足够重视.     

Sex Education through a Trauma-Informed Lens: Do Parents Who See Trauma as a Problem for Youth Support Trauma-Informed Sex Education?

Trauma-informed sex education is sensitive to students’ traumatic life experiences. Internet panel data for 600 Louisiana parents/caregivers of school-age youth were used to examine parental support for trauma-informed school-based sex education, and parental characteristics associated with supporting trauma-informed sex education. Nearly three-quarters (71%) of parents agreed that youth are exposed to high levels of trauma, and 86% reported interest in school-based sex education that supports emotional wellness. Of all parental characteristics, the perception that youth are exposed to high levels of trauma was most strongly associated with endorsement of trauma-informed sex education. Louisiana parents recognize the influence of emotional wellness on youth sexual health and support trauma-informed school-based sex education, which is becoming the new standard for youth sex education services.     

交通事故所致急性心理创伤症状与羞耻感的特点

目的：了解交通事故所致心理创伤症状与羞耻感的特点,为临床心理医疗提供理论基础。方法：对90例车祸伤的病人采用生活事件冲击量表修订版（ISE-R）、解离性体验量表（DES）和羞耻感量表等自陈式工具,于创伤后7天内进行评定。结果：个性羞耻与AI,侵袭性症状、回避症状与解离体验显著相关;行为羞耻与回避症状和解离体验显著相关;躯体羞耻与解离体验显著相关;家庭羞耻与解离体验显著相关。结论：交通事故所致急性心理创伤症状与非急性心理创伤组相比,心理创伤程度更严重,骨科医师在治疗骨科疾病的同时也应该重视PTSD的发生及其防治,以保证病人较快恢复健康,提高病人的生活质量。     

Child maltreatment deaths in the U.S. National Child Death Review Case Reporting System

Comprehensive reviews of child death are increasingly conducted throughout the world, although limited information is available about how this information is systematically used to prevent future deaths. To address this need, we used cases from 2005 to 2009 in the U.S. National Child Death Review Case Reporting System to compare child and offender characteristics and to link that information with actions taken or recommended by review teams. Child, caretaker, and offender characteristics, and outcomes were compared to team responses, and findings were compared to published case series. Among 49,947 child deaths from 23 states entered into the Case Reporting System during the study period, there were 2,285 cases in which child maltreatment caused or contributed to fatality. Over one-half had neglect identified as the maltreatment, and 30% had abusive head trauma. Several child and offender characteristics were associated with specific maltreatment subtypes, and child death review teams recommended and/or planned several activities in their communities. Case characteristics were similar to those published in other reports of child maltreatment deaths. Teams implemented 109 actions or strategies after their review, and we found that aggregating information from child death reviews offers important insights into understanding and preventing future deaths. The National Child Death Review Case Reporting System contains information about a large population which confirms and expands our knowledge about child maltreatment deaths and which can be used by communities for future action.     

Where are all the males? Gender-specific typologies of childhood adversity based on a large community sample

BackgroundMethodological issues have been identified when quantifying exposure to adversity and abuse. To address a single type may obscure covarying effects. To sum multiple exposures gives equal weight to each. Latent class analysis (LCA) addresses this by identifying homogenous subpopulations. Most studies using LCA have pooled gender data in spite of evidence that the nature and frequency of exposure differs by gender. Males report more interpersonal abuse, females report more of other exposures, particularly sexual.ObjectiveThis study aimed to identify if stratifying data by gender resulted in different profiles of adversity/abuseParticipants and setting: The National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC) wave II, a large community-based survey, nationally representative of the US population.MethodThis study used 14 indicators of childhood adversity as the basis for LCA.ResultsThe number and nature of classes differed by gender. The best solution for females was 4-class: a low risk class; a class at higher risk of sexual abuse; a class at higher risk of physical abuse; a class at higher risk of combined physical and sexual abuse. The best solution for males had only 3-classes; a low risk class, a class at higher risk of sexual abuse; a class at higher risk of physical abuse. The combined dataset resulted in a solution similar to the female solution.ConclusionThe importance of developing models for males and females separately was evidenced by the male and female classes being differentially associated with mental health variables.     

ZD—20型运动创伤中药电疗仪临床疗效观察——附385例病案分析

用特制的中药通过穴位导入伤部临床治疗385例,其中男177例,女208例,平均年龄33.59岁,脑力劳动者116例,其余为运动员(173例)和体力劳动者;新伤136例,病程平均5.96天,旧伤249例,病程平均8.27个月。以肌肉伤最多,占42.6％,其次为韧带伤。治疗次数为1～15次,新伤平均治疗3.73次,旧伤平均治疗4.98次。疗程1～80天,新伤平均4.32天,旧伤平均5.49天。治疗结果痊愈205例占53.25％,显效65例占16.88％,有效87例占22.6％,无效13例占3.38％,总有效率为96.62％,优良率占70.13％(痊愈和显效)。取得了疗效多、疗程短、治疗次数少的效果,是目前治疗运动创伤和一般软组织损伤较为理想的手段。要取得好的疗效,还与中药配方是否合理,药液的浓度、纯净度以及取穴是否准确有关。     

Volunteers in Australian archives

Why do volunteers choose to contribute thousands of unpaid hours per week to Australian archives? This paper presents the results of a nationwide web survey that provides insight into the demographics, motivations and experiences of volunteers in Australian archives. The findings provide a representative overview of formal volunteers in Australian archives, determining ‘who’ they are, the value of the contributions they provide and the level of training and support offered to them. This study is a continuation of existing discussions about volunteers in Australian archives and represents an opportunity for the development of stronger relationships with Australian archival volunteers and, through them, the communities our archives serve.     

Childhood trauma and suicide risk in a sample of young individuals aged 14–35 years in southern Brazil

Suicide is among the main causes of death of people aged between 15 and 44 years old. Childhood trauma is an important risk factor for suicide. Hence, the objective of this study was to verify the relationship between childhood trauma and current suicide risk (suicidal behavior and ideation) in individuals aged 14–35 years, in the city of Pelotas, Brazil. This is a cross-sectional, population-based study. Sample selection was performed by clusters. Suicide risk was evaluated using the Mini International Neuropsychiatric Interview (MINI) and Childhood trauma was assessed with the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire (CTQ). Moreover, the participants responded to a questionnaire concerning socioeconomic status, work, and substance use. The sample was composed of 1,380 individuals. The prevalence of suicide risk was 11.5%. The prevalence figures of childhood trauma were 15.2% (emotional neglect), 13.5% (physical neglect), 7.6% (sexual abuse), 10.1% (physical abuse), and 13.8% (emotional abuse). Suicide risk was associated (p < .001) with gender, work, alcohol abuse, tobacco use, and all types of childhood trauma. The odds of suicide risk were higher in women (OR = 1.8), people who were not currently working (OR = 2.3), individuals who presented alcohol abuse (OR = 2.6), and among tobacco smokers (OR = 3.4). Moreover, suicide risk was increased in all types of trauma: emotional neglect (OR = 3.7), physical neglect (OR = 2.8), sexual abuse (OR = 3.4), physical abuse (OR = 3.1), and emotional abuse (OR = 6.6). Thus, preventing early trauma may reduce suicide risk in young individuals.     

‘He knows he is safe; you are the safety net’. Key adult intervention with children with attachment difficulties: the TAs perspective

Children and young adults who are ‘looked after’ can present teachers and teaching assistants with a variety of day-to-day classroom challenges and a range of complex behaviours due to adverse childhood environments. This group of vulnerable young people have very complex social and emotional behaviours that require a considered approach of support and interventions. The types of interventions deployed in schools, however, may depend on staff knowledge, staff self-confidence, and interpersonal skills to support the child's learning and complex behaviours. An example of an intervention is the key adult intervention programme, which is purported to develop staff knowledge and self-confidence when working with looked after children. training in key adult intervention occurred at a special school, which had a high percentage of looked after children, situated in an East Midlands town. The purpose of the study was firstly to support the children through in-depth knowledge development for supporting staff, and secondly to investigate staff confidence and understanding of the needs of looked after children. In addition, supporting factors of the key adult intervention and a discovery of any barriers to its implementation were sought. Using a mixed methods approach, data were collected from participating staff using questionnaires and focused conversations. Qualitative data were analysed using Cresswells six-step process. Findings suggest that the key adult intervention is an effective means to support staff confidence and understanding and offer support for looked after children. Recommendations for future practice include increased training and support for teaching assistants, teachers and the school community as a whole. In addition, targeted professional and emotional support for the teaching assistants deployed, and increased communication between senior leaders and teaching assistants is crucial. The current research, therefore, adds to existing literature by providing an evaluation of the key adult intervention within a special school setting with evidence gathered from teaching assistants.