Criterion-referenced and norm-referenced assessments: compatibility and complementarity

The tension between criterion-referenced and norm-referenced assessment is examined in the context of curriculum planning and assessment in outcomes-based approaches to higher education. This paper argues the importance of a criterion-referenced assessment approach once an outcomes-based approach has been adopted. It further discusses the implementation of criterion-referenced assessment, considering to what extent the criteria and standards adopted are implicitly norm referenced. It introduces a compatible interpretation of criterion-referenced and norm-referenced assessments in higher education, and illustrates how their combined use can avoid grade inflation and also provide useful information to educators, employers and learners. Instead of seeing criterion referencing and norm referencing as a dichotomy, assessment in higher education benefits from their synthesis through a feedback loop that emphasises alignment between learning and assessment; such feedback and alignment are essential features of quality assurance and enhancement.     

理财产品能否“理财”

中国各商业银行理财产品实质上是一种金融投资产品,这些理财产品对于防范通胀,实现居民投资者保值增值的理财目标具有一定价值。     

对通货膨胀压力下人民币升值的思考

目前,我国经济正处在人民币升值与通货膨胀的两难境地。在输入型通胀和国内物价上涨的压力下,人民币升值被更多地寄予了抑制通胀的期望。不少政界、学术界人士都在强调人民币升值可以抑制通胀,但是,人民币升值对抑制通胀的贡献究竟有多大,值得深入研究。从本轮通货膨胀形成的原因分析,力图找出解决通胀与人民币升值问题的最佳宏观调控政策与措施。     

汇率变动对价格水平的非线性传导效应——基于LSTAR模型的计量研究

利用1996～2011年的季度数据,构建一个非线性LSTAR模型,系统分析了通货膨胀汇率传导效应的非线性性质。计量结果表明:首先,通货膨胀与自身滞后项、产出缺口、名义有效汇率变化率和超额货币变化率有关;其次,人民币升值无助于抑制通货膨胀;最后,名义有效汇率变化率对通货膨胀具有非线性效应,且在2005年前后转换函数特征显著不同。因此,中国有待继续稳步深化汇率改革,在货币政策调控中对汇率传导的非线性效应给予足够的重视。     

外加剂AEA的作用机理及应用技术

简要分析了AEA在水泥砼的应用中对改善砼早期收缩,提高砼的耐久性的作用机理。提出防水砼无缝设计的依据以及实际施工中的具体操作要点。     

对高职院校推行职业资格证书制度的思考

推行职业资格证书制度,实行学历证书与职业资格证书并重制度是高等职业教育发展的必然趋势。高职院校要充分认识推行职业资格证书制度对培养技术应用型人才的重要性,以就业为导向,以培养学生的职业能力为主线,加强实践教育,深化教学改革,不断完善职业资格证书制度。     

For the World in Which They Will Be Living

To examine the antecedents of perceptions of grading fairness, approximately 600 college students were surveyed about the prevalence and desirability of 1) teaching practices that assisted students to prepare for examinations, and 2) common test scoring manipulations used to transform poor scores into acceptable ones (e.g., curving low scores upward). Students also described the fairness of the grading they had experienced. Regression analysis revealed that grading fairness was predicted best by exposure to the teaching practices rather than the scoring practices. Results are discussed in terms of the possible effects of these teaching and grading practices on grade inflation.     

越南统一后至今的经济发展历程研究

越南自1976年南北统一之后,面对其自身落后的经济状况,越南政府采取了一系列探索振兴国民经济的措施。并根据在改革经济的过程中所遇到的困难与问题,不断调整改革方向与政策。现如今的越南经济状况已经大有改观。其在经济改革中所积累的经验,值得其他社会主义国家学习。     

Sources for Russian Book Inflation Data

The article examines five major sources of data on inflation in Russian book prices: professional book magazines, organizations' publications and Web sites, vendor catalogs, the reports written by John and Kristine Bushnell, and automated library management systems. The author discusses the limits, advantages, and methodologies for each of them.     

美国量化宽松货币政策对我国物价水平的影响

随着金融危机的不断蔓延和影响的逐渐深化,美国采取的第一轮和第二轮量化宽松货币政策,对中国物价水平产生深远影响。对此,我国应采取以下对策:加强对国际资本流动的监管,控制热钱流入规模;继续稳定人民币汇率,减少汇率波动;外汇储备多元化,丰富外汇资产投资渠道;加快人民币国际化进程,建立完备的金融市场体系,争夺大宗商品国际定价权,等等。