现代竞技体育体能训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能的研究

脊柱功能是衡量人体健康水平的重要指标,对人体保持高质量的学习、生活和工作状态产生直接的影响。如何运用有效的训练改善和提高人体脊柱功能,应引起高度的重视。以黑龙江省30名女大学生为研究对象,制定有针对性的训练方案,进行为期3个月的运动干预实验,分5个阶段进行训练监控及训练效果评估。结果显示：全体受试对象脊柱直背趋势最为显著,脊柱姿势、柔韧性、稳定性整体较差,脊柱疾病风险较高;通过动态拉伸、颈肩及腰等功能性训练对改善女大学生脊柱功能效果显著;实施训练方案后,在第30天改善效果最为明显。     

基于互联网的运动干预项目对大学生体质健康影响的实验研究

运用文献资料、教学实验、数理统计等方法,揭示微信平台和移动健身运用(APP)对大学生体质健康水平的影响及其作用机制。结果:1)实验组实验后体质健康各项指标(身高体重除外)均有显著的提升(P<0.05),对照组各指标也均有上升趋势,但无统计学意义(P>0.05);2)实验组实验后各项指标(身高体重除外)显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:1)基于互联网的线上运动干预项目可以有效促进大学生的体质健康水平,可以作为大学生体育锻炼习惯养成及体质健康促进的有效手段;2)线上运动干预项目促进大学生体质健康的作用机制是通过目标设定,自我监测行为,个性化定制与指导,社会互动等强化因素作用的结果。     

立定跳远教学中TGMD-2的应用研究

目的:对立定跳远教学进行干预,采用儿童大肌肉群动作发展测试量表(以下简称TGMD-2量表)进行过程性测量,观察干预教学对儿童立定跳远动作发展的影响,寻求发展儿童下肢大肌肉群的有效途径。方法:1)干预前后使用TGMD-2量表对学生立定跳远动作进行评分,并测量远度,进行比较;2)对实验组立定跳远教学进行干预,对照组不做干预。结果:实验组立定跳远评分与远度测量显著提高;对照组评分显著下降,远度测量上升。结论:1)运动干预可以促进儿童立定跳远动作发展;2)儿童动作发展成熟之前可采用TGMD-2量表进行过程性评价。     

心理学视域下校园欺凌的形成机理及对策

校园欺凌是国内外中小学中普遍存在的现象,从心理学角度考察其成因、探索相应干预措施有着重要意义。有关欺凌事件直接参与者的研究表明:部分欺凌者存在一定程度的反社会行为或认知特征,欺凌行为也是青春期个体获取、维护社会支配地位的一种手段;某些"另类"特征、情绪和社会交往问题会让儿童青少年成为易受欺凌的对象;欺凌和受欺凌都可能导致个体情绪、行为等方面的适应障碍,其不良影响甚至会延续相当长的时间;欺凌-受欺凌者是最不稳定的一类角色,兼具欺凌者与受欺凌者两者的缺点,适应状况通常最差。班级内的同伴生态、旁观者的行为和朋友关系都会影响欺凌事件的发生几率及所导致的后果。某些家庭和父母特征也是与欺凌行为联系密切的危险性或保护性因素。积极的师生关系有助于减少欺凌事件的发生,也能对其后果起到缓冲作用。但缺乏培训的父母和教师,通常无法及时准确地识别欺凌事件并做出有效应对。当前教育实践中,可以有效防控校园欺凌的措施大致可以划分为两类;一是面向特定相关群体的单水平干预,二是要求学生、家长、教职员工等都要参与其中的多水平干预。     

Social Work Intervention with White Collared Employees and Their Families

This investigation presents a framework for understanding and also to test the efficacy of Social Work intervention on the well being of the white collared employee (industrial employee) and his/her family. A comprehensive and intensive personal- family exploration was done to uncover the relatedness of seemingly disparate areas of the clients lives. A total of 80 executives (industrial employees) served as subjects. A baseline assessment was done using structured, standardized interview-schedules/questionnaires. The results of the study can be enumerated as follows: After the Social Work intervention, the executives in occupational profile, there were significant changes in Role perception, overload, role conflict, low status and poor peer relations. In coping strategies there was significant improvement in sub-scales like problem solving and unproductive coping. Significant reduction was noticed in their proneness to heart disease, depression, inadequate mental mastery, and perceived ill health. There was significant improvement in their family group support, and in their expressiveness, achievement, orientation, active-recreational and organizational characteristics.     

弱智学生合作与分享行为的干预实验研究

从北京市西城区培智中心学校抽取了两个班学生(实验班6人,对照班9人)作为被试,进行了为期三周的合作与分享行为的干预实验。实验结果表明:(1)“行为示范与讲解———角色扮演及相关活动———适宜行为的及时强化———行为迁移训练”的干预模式对弱智学生合作行为的干预效果显著;(2)该模式短期内对弱智学生分享行为的干预效果不显著;(3)弱智学生的合作与分享行为之间存在显著的相关。     

Mitigating the Effects of Poverty and Crime: the Long-Term Effects of an Early Intervention Programme for Children who were Developmentally Delayed and Prenatally Exposed to Cocaine

This study explores the long-term impact on participation in the Linda Ray Intervention Program (LRIP) for children (n = 54) who were developmentally delayed and prenatally exposed to cocaine. By identifying a group of programme graduates from a high crime/high poverty neighbourhood in Miami-Dade County using ArcGIS 10.2 software, a quasi-experimental design was used to compare children living in this area who participated in the centre-based modality (5 h a day; 5 days a week) to children living in this area who participated in the home-based modality (3 h per week) on their Florida Comprehensive Assessment Test (FCAT) reading and math scale scores in public school. The children who participated in the centre-based modality reported stronger outcomes in both math and reading FCAT scale scores at the p < .05 level and also out-performed their school-age peers on both math and reading FCAT scores at the p < .05 level.     

间接干预的物价的微分方程模型

在已有物价模型的基础上,结合中国特殊的不成熟的市场经济环境,对原模型进行修改和补充,把货币供给量对物价的影响加进去形成了新的间接干预物价的微分方程模型.首先利用非线性微分方程相关理论讨论了模型的稳定性和分支等数学特征,然后通过数值模拟进一步分析验证,最后介绍了模型结果在经济意义下对物价分析的解释和应用.     

行为疗法与认知行为疗法干预幼儿多动行为的个案研究

本研究采用单一被试A-B-A-B式实验设计,将行为疗法和认知行为疗法相结合,采用差别强化、Time-out和自我指导等方法和策略,对被试在集体教学活动中出现的多动行为进行干预。研究结果表明,差别强化、Time-out和自我指导三种干预方法的结合,对减少幼儿多动行为的效果最为显著。     

The Effectiveness of the Responsive Teaching Parent-mediated Developmental Intervention Programme in Turkey: A pilot study

The case study was conducted to examine the feasibility of an early intervention curriculum called Responsive Teaching with two five-year-old children from Turkey who had significant developmental delays. This study determined whether Turkish mothers might be successful in learning to become more responsive to their children, and whether this would result in significant improvements in their children’s development. Both dyads received 28 individual parent–child intervention sessions which were conducted over a four-month period of time. Pre-, mid-, and post-assessments indicated improvements in the mothers’ responsiveness to their children and the children’s levels of engagement with their parents. There were also improvements in the children’s language and personal social development. Mothers reported that Responsive Teaching helped them learn to interact more effectively with their children and that this resulted in longer and more enjoyable interactions with them. Results from this investigation are discussed in terms of their implications for providing developmental services to preschool-aged children with disabilities in Turkey.