盲生刻板行为研究综述

盲生刻板行为在某种程度上具有不良影响,一些行为不仅对于自身身体有一定伤害,而且对于其融入主流社会造成了一定阻碍.尤其在先天盲生及多重残疾盲生中,刻板行为的发生率更高.因此,盲生家长和教师必须重视这些行为.本文通过文献研究,从盲生刻板行为的概念界定、出现率、产生原因、不良影响、评估和干预等几个方面,对盲生刻板行为的相关研究进行了概述.     

体罚的社会文化基础、心理效应与干预机制

体罚是有意地直接或间接地引起受罚者的痛苦。体罚的广泛存在主要是由于施罚者的传统教育思想根深蒂固、缺乏有效的教育手段、教育方法简单化以及法律意识淡漠。体罚除了引起儿童的即时顺从以外,会造成对儿童的身体伤害,还可能导致儿童在道德内化、攻击、过失和反社会行为、亲子关系的质量、心理健康方面引起问题,而且这些效应会持续到成年期。因此,有效地遏制体罚,必须更新教育思想,树立平等民主的价值观,学会理性惩罚,建立家庭学校社区多元化监督机制。     

Unfolding Case‐Based Practicum Curriculum Infusing Crisis,Trauma, and Disaster Preparation

The authors evaluated an unfolding case‐based approach to a practicum in counseling course infusing crisis, trauma, and disaster preparation for changes in students’ crisis self‐efficacy across a semester. The course, informed by constructivist‐developmental pedagogy and centered on the unfolding case, resulted in significant increases in students’ crisis self‐efficacy.     

Language use in kindergarten science lessons: language production and academic language during a video feedback coaching intervention in kindergarten science lessons

This paper aims to gain insight into language production and academic language of 4- and 5-year-old students and their teachers in the course of a teacher intervention during kindergarten science education. The study is based on videotaped classroom observations, and specifically focuses on the academic language use of students (N_intervention = 18, N_controls = 26) and teachers (N_intervention = 5, N_controls = 5). The results suggest that this general teacher intervention yields interesting changes in language use and production. Patterns of change over time confirm the idiosyncratic and non-linear nature of these changes. Science lessons represent an appropriate context in which to acquaint students with academic language, which can be used as a basis to build upon more sophisticated language skills.     

Usefulness of cognitive intervention programmes for socio-emotional and behaviour problems in children with learning disabilities

Behavioural and emotional problems occur more frequently in children with learning problems than in a cross-section of the general population, both at home and at school. While behaviour problems reportedly are a key obstructive factor impeding inclusive education, children with both behavioural and learning disabilities carry a high risk of social exclusion and school dropout when they are in mainstream environments. Meta-analyses indicated only a moderate impact of social skills training. To see what kind of intervention programme would be effective in modifying cognitive as well as socio-emotional behaviour and at the same time focusing on contextual interaction and intervention, a pilot study has been carried out in Belgium with 11–13-year-old students with learning disability and behaviour problems in special schools. A total of 24 children in the experimental group were matched against a control group of 24. Children in the experimental group, after having received 14 lessons of FIE (Feuerstein's Instrumental Enrichment Programme), showed a marked increase in some cognitive functions (hypothetical thinking, perception and understanding of humour) but not in others. A significant effect on socio-emotional behaviour could not be shown quantitatively, but was evident from qualitative interviewing. The mediating attitude of the teachers was a key influencing factor in producing lasting changes. Programmes such as FIE, provided they address children as well as teachers in a comprehensive way, focusing on cognitive as well as socio-emotional behavioural changes, may become powerful instruments to help children as well as teachers in a highly differentiated inclusive school environment.     

延续性护理对脑卒中患者知信行的效果研究

目的:探讨延续性护理干预对脑卒中患者知信行(KAP)功能康复的效果。方法:选择我院神经内科收治的脑卒中患者110例,随机分为对照组和干预组各55例。对照组采用神经内科常规护理,干预组在常规护理基础上联合延续性护理干预,通过对脑卒中患者的知识、态度及行为,比较两组的护理效果。结果对照组和干预组患者知信行问卷的总体得分,比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:通过延续护理干预方式对脑卒中患者的知信行功能康复起到治疗作用,纠正不当的生活行为,提升日常生活能力,明显改善康复锻炼的依从性。     

Making the Case for Early Identification and Intervention for Young Children at Risk for Learning Disabilities

The early identification of children with learning disabilities (LD) is difficult but can be accomplished. Observation of key behaviors which are indicators of LD by preschool and kindergarten teachers can assist in this process. This early identification facilitates the use of intervention strategies to provide a positive early experience for children at risk for academic difficulties.     

政府财政干预对OEM厂商绿色再制造的影响

以原产品生产企业(OEM厂商)为研究对象,通过两期模型探讨政府财政干预对企业再制造战略的影响,重点比较税收政策、补贴政策、"税收—补贴"联合政策对OEM厂商再制造的激励作用。研究结果表明,政府向OEM厂商征收新产品回收处置税的措施尽管会抑制新产品销量,但同时也抑制了再制造产品销量,因此难以达到扩大再制造的预期目的。与税收政策相比,补贴政策和"税收—补贴"联合政策具有正向引导作用,但两类政策的激励效果受到消费者认可度的影响。当消费者对再制造产品的认可度高时,适合采取"税收—补贴"联合政策;当消费者认可度低时,则仅适合采用补贴政策。     

“三位一体”大学生心理危机干预体系初探

大学生心理危机干预是新时期高校思想政治教育工作的一个重要组成部分。结合近年来国内外危机干预的理论与实践,提出"学校-院(系)-班级、公寓"三位一体的大学生心理危机干预体系,并探索通过三级危机干预中心的运作实施大学生心理危机干预,即危机的预防性干预、危机的咨询与治疗性干预和危机的应急干预。     

Effect of a distal protection device on epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion in primary percutaneous coronary intervention

Objective: The beneficial effect of percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) has been well established, but there is the problem of no-reflow phenomenon which is an adverse prognostic factor in primary PCI. In the present study the effect of a distal protection device (PercuSurge GuardWire; GW) on epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion was evaluated. Methods and Results: Patients with AMI were randomly divided into 2 groups, the GW and the control groups. The GW group included 52 patients with AMI who underwent primary PCI with GW protection and the control group included 60 patients who underwent primary PCI without GW protection. Epicardial blood flow in the infarct-related artery (IRA) and myocardial perfusion were evaluated according to the thrombolysis in myocardial infarction (TIMI) flow grade and the myocardial blush grade (MBG). We found TIMI score of 3 was obtained significantly more frequently in the GW group (96%) than in the control group (80%). The MBG score of 3 was obtained also significantly greater in the GW group (65%) than in the control group (33%). Conclusion: Primary PCI with GW protection can significantly improve epicardial blood flow and myocardial perfusion.