文化心理学的兴起背景和基本特征

文化心理学是一个新兴的心理学取向,其兴起的背景:主流心理学的困境、非主流心理学的启发、后现代思潮的反思．文化心理学是把文化纳入心理学,将人置于社会文化背景中,研究文化和心理的关系的一门学科,其主要研究方法有现象学、释义学和民族志方法．同时,文化心理学与跨文化心理学、本土心理学既有区别,又有联系。     

An Aboriginal way towards curriculum reconciliation

ABSTRACT

This paper introduces the context and design of an institutional educational development grants program, Jindaola, which reflects an Aboriginal way towards reconciling Indigenous and non-Indigenous Knowledges in the Australian higher education curriculum. The program is unique in two ways: it foregrounds the voice of Aboriginal local Knowledge Holders in the design and implementation of the program; and, rather than focussing on embedding predefined ‘packages’ of Indigenous Knowledges and pedagogies into curricula, the approach adheres to Aboriginal methods for conducting business and maintaining knowledge integrity, by taking interdisciplinary teams of academics on a journey towards what we are calling ‘curriculum reconciliation’.     

试论大学生语用能力的培养

成功的交际取决于得体的表达形式。培养学生语境判断能力，用真实的材料培养学生的跨文化交际意识，结合语言教学导入语用知识，是培养和提高大学生语用能力的重要课题。     

论商务口译中的跨文化意识

本文分析了商务口译中跨文化意识的重要性及其表现,说明培养跨文化意识是当务之急。着重强调了在利用显性手段的同时重视对口译者跨文化意识隐性的培养,使口译者在具备训练有素的语言驾驭水平同时,充分调动跨文化意识,参与交际,有效地推动国际商务活动的开展。     

基于主观文化视角的西方跨文化管理理论综述

国际商务环境下,文化的差异可以影响企业的运作行为和经营效益,制约着企业的整体发展规划,能协调管理者和员工之间的关系,决定着组织机构的工作效率。因此如何使文化差异转变为跨文化管理过程中的有利资源是至关重要的。合理有效的跨国管理策略是增强市场竞争力的重要力量,而它的制定需要跨文化管理理论的技术支撑。面对多元化的市场机遇和挑战,要想使跨国公司发挥出自身的潜在优势,对西方跨文化理论进行综述是具有极其重要的现实意义和理论价值。     

A Longitudinal Test of the Effects of Facebook on Cultural Adaptation

The present study is a longitudinal examination of the role of Facebook on the cultural adaptation of Muslim immigrants to the United States (n = 379). Immigrants’ use of Facebook affects interactions with the dominant culture and with the ingroup. Respondents were asked about their use of Facebook, motivation to culturally adapt, and perceptions of the US at two different points in a 6-year period. Analysis revealed that Muslim immigrants to the US from 2006 to 2012 who used Facebook more for social interaction with the ingroup were less likely to be motivated to culturally adapt to the US dominant culture, and these same immigrants were more likely to have a negative perception of the US dominant culture as their Facebook use increased.     

Taiwan's Fifth Ethnic Group: A Study of the Acculturation and Cultural Fusion of Women who have Married into Families in Taiwan

Abstract

One of the under-studied effects of global migration has been an increase in transnational marriages. This phenomenon has greatly impacted Taiwan as women from Southeast Asian nations and Mainland China, through professional marriage brokers or personal contacts, enter into marriages with Taiwanese men. How well these women adapt to Taiwan's culture and learn its local languages is studied through the lens of two theories of intercultural communication: Kim's theory of cross-cultural adaptation and Kramer's theory of cultural fusion. Based upon in-depth interviews with 28 women, results show some support for both theories. However, the postulates of cultural fusion demonstrate a better fit: Learning is an additive process; long-term association with co-ethnics appears to correlate with greater satisfaction and adaptation; and women's negotiated identities follow a range of outcomes.     

The Novice-Expert Continuum in Astronomy Knowledge

The nature of expertise in astronomy was investigated across a broad spectrum of ages and experience in China and New Zealand. Five hypotheses (capable of quantification and statistical analysis) were used to probe types of expertise identified by previous researchers: (a) domain-specific knowledge-skill in the use of scientific vocabulary and language and recognising relationships between concepts in linguistic and schematic forms; (b) higher-order theory in terms of conceptual structure and enriched scientific knowledge and reasoning; with an expectation of cultural similarity. There were 993 participants in all, age 3–80 years, including 68 junior school pupils; 68 pre-school pupils; 112 middle-school students; 109 high-school students; 79 physics undergraduates; 60 parents; 136 pre-service primary teachers; 131 pre-service secondary teachers; 72 primary teachers; 78 secondary teachers; 50 amateur astronomers and astronomy educators; and 30 astronomers and physicists; with approximately equal numbers of each group in both cultures; and of boys and girls in the case of children. For them, the methodology utilised Piagetian interviews with three media (verbal language, drawing, play-dough modelling), and for adults a questionnaire inviting responses in writing and drawing was used. The data from each group were categorised into ordinal scales and then analysed by means of Kolmogorov–Smirnov two-sample tests. The findings supported the hypotheses with evidence of all forms of expertise increasing with experience in both cultures (α level 0.05). The relative gains, overlaps and deficits in expertise across the novice-expert continuum are explored in detail.     

Perceptions and Experiences of International Trainees in Counseling and Related Programs

International counseling trainees (ICTs) can play a critical role in multicultural training and enrich the lives of domestic trainers and trainees. However, they face unique barriers. This inquiry examined 14 areas related to their training and stay in the US. Findings largely correspond with those already in the literature (e.g., Ng, International Journal for the Advancement of Counseling, 28:1–19 2006a). Results indicate significantly higher mean scores for ICTs (n = 56) in 10 areas (e.g., English proficiency problems, experiencing discrimination in their learning environment) compared to domestic trainees (DTs) (n = 82). ICTs further reported a high level of confidence in their contribution to their programs and a strong belief in their performance, although these levels did not differ significantly from DTs. Findings also revealed there were no program-level differences among the ICTs in all the study areas. Compared to the master’s trainees as a whole, however, the doctoral trainees combined reported higher degrees of experiencing cultural adjustment problems and conflicts with Western understanding and approaches to treating mental health. Implications and recommendations are outlined. Findings in this study were represented at the 2008 Eastern Educational Research Association Conference in Hilton Head, South Carolina, United States of America.