石油工业创新技术科技查新结论编写研究

依据专业领域,创新能力,创新发展、技术成熟度,创新方式,创新程度,应用效果对查新结论进行分类分析,为石油工业合理配置科技资源、梳理重大技术研发方向、提升自主技术创新能力、创建国际一流企业提供重要支撑。科技查新结论编写研究具有广阔的应用前景。     

区域科技创新中的产研协同研究——基于广深港澳科技创新走廊的实证

科技创新走廊“要创新更要创业”,要打造研发平台到生产平台的产研一体化通道。基于2005-2017年市级面板数据,以广深港澳科创走廊所涉城市的科技创新效率为被解释变量,分别构建广深港澳科创走廊“扩容”前后的门槛模型并实证分析研发投入对科技创新效率的影响。研究表明：广深港澳科创走廊“扩容”后的门槛值更低,各类创新主体能够以更低的研发投入达到原定的科技创新效率。超过门槛值之后,“扩容”后的广深港澳科创走廊有更高的系数弹性,更有利于科技创新的加速发展。控制变量人均地区生产总值、工业总产值占地区生产总值比重在“扩容”后显著,并与科技创新效率正相关。     

Business models shifts: Impact of Covid-19

No amount of crystal ball gazing may help us fathom the full impact of the Covid-19 (C-19) crisis on business organizations in a distinct manner. Given the lack of precedence, any such analyses seem to demand routine revisions as we progress further up the “number of infected” curve. Most countries of the world have imposed restrictions on social congregations or even people working in close proximity to each other. Industries that produce and deliver information products and services therefore, have continued to function while those that manufacture physical products especially labor-intensive firms were forced to minimize operations or temporarily shut down. However, in most countries, physical products which were essential in nature were reluctantly permitted to be manufactured given the need for them in people’s everyday life. In this viewpoint, I draw upon three dimensions – information intensity of product/service, information intensity of process/value chain; along with a third dimension – essential nature of the product/service to help understand the immediate implications of C-19. I also present some anecdotal evidences of attempts to alter business models in these circumstances in order to address the challenges that certain product characteristics impose but at the same capitalize on the business opportunities presented by the essentiality of the products.     

Enacting Cultural Identities in Conversation: Managing Collaboration in Two Nonprofit Organizations

As they conduct the practical work of collaborating during meetings, nonprofit stakeholders construct, negotiate, and manage identities. In this article we use membership categorization analysis to explore how meeting participants avow and ascribe cultural identities during collaborative meetings in two nonprofit organizations. Examination of identification practices, including employing labels for ethnic categories and implicating cultural identities through category-relevant predicates—which are part of the practical work of collaborating in nonprofit organizations—can serve as an aid to understanding how stakeholders negotiate interorganizational collaboration in social interaction.     

论文化互动教育研究的价值取向、对象与方法

在联合国教科文组织大力推进文化互动教育走向国际化的进程中,愈来愈多的国家开始关注并积极助推文化互动教育的现代发展。纵观当前我国学界关于文化互动教育的研究成果,价值取向上,理论价值与实践价值并举;研究对象上,宏观、中观与微观相联结;研究方法上,时间—历史研究与空间—比较研究相互演进。然而,文化互动教育研究依然存在着理论研究的“薄弱化”、实践研究的“片段化”、综合研究的“浅表化”等问题。为此,今后的相关研究需要注重丰富更多视域的理论研究、畅显文化互动教育的具体实践研究、开展三观互联的综合性研究。     

Determining heterogeneous behavior for theater attendance

In this paper we propose and estimate a model of theater participation using the data contained in the 2002 Survey of Public Participation in the Arts from the USA, a dataset widely used to study the determinants of cultural participation. Our contribution relies on the use of an estimation technique that respects the count data nature of the attendance variable (number of theater performances that an individual attended) and allows for heterogeneous behavior. By using a Zero Inflated Negative Binomial Model, we can characterize two distinct behaviors for the observable attendance: a group of never-goers (who never participate) and a subpopulation that has a positive probability of attending. For this latter group, we can estimate the effect of certain personal variables on the probability of highest frequency. The results suggest that the proposed model is appropriate for estimating cultural participation.

Review on the characterisation of ancient stringed musical instruments varnishes and implementation of an analytical strategy

For the last 60 years, varnishes of ancient musical instruments, particularly stringed instruments of the violin family dating 17th and 18th centuries, have been analysed to establish their chemical composition and multi-layered structure. The objective was to rediscover the technology for making the varnish of esteemed Italian violins and to reconstitute it. This paper reviews the physico-chemical studies published on such varnishes and also focuses on a research project carried out since 2002 at the Musée de la musique in Paris. It aims to apply in a comprehensive way different non-destructive or micro destructive methods (Py-GC/MS, IR microscopy, SEM/EDX, EDXRF, synchrotron radiation-based techniques, …) to the study of a large and representative number of ancient varnished musical instruments from a museum collection.     

Training in culture: the case of aikido education and meaning-making outcomes in Japan and the United States

This study investigated whether a relationship existed between instructional style and points of emphasis in the training context of the martial art aikido and the perceptions which practitioners of aikido generated for aikido-related concepts. The findings were gathered within and compared across aikido training settings in two cultures — Japan and the United States. Analysis of the quantitative and qualitative data gathered for this investigation revealed several potent differences between the manner in which Japanese and American aikido practitioners represented their understandings of aikido-related concepts. Differences in the manner in which aikido practitioners in Japan and the United States represented their understandings of aikido reflected the teaching emphasis observed in the respective cultures. It was concluded that aikido instructors represented the values of their own culture in the context of aikido training, and thus served as important mediating forces influencing the meaning which practitioners generated for aikido. An additional finding revealed that in neither culture were participants able to accurately represent how practitioners in the “other” culture structured their understandings of aikido. It was reasoned that both cultural groups generated faulty perceptions of how the “other” group understood aikido because they utilized a similar pattern of projection, using their own meanings of aikido to represent the understandings of practitioners in the “other” cultural group.     

拳种与村落:武术人类学研究的实践空间

我国体育人类学的发端肇始于对传统体育的研究,但不能忽视的是:运用文化人类学理论和方法对中国武术的研究却异常薄弱. 前期相关武术理论的研究和探讨,大都以历史学、民俗学为框架和导向,注重参与观察的人类学理论的介入也仅仅大都停留于对其必要性的理论阐述,武术的文化人类学研究几乎近于一个盲区,少而无力. 论文在梳理我国体育人类学研究进展的基础上,提出了运用文化人类学对我国武术文化进行研究的构想:(1)乡土村落:引入文化人类学的研究范式的独有视窗;(2)武术拳种:与村落武术研究交相辉映的微观个案;(3)固定的村落与流动的拳种:构筑与交织中国武术研究的文化版图.     

Learning and adaptation with regard to complementary medicine in a foreign context: Intercultural experiences of medical students from different cultural backgrounds

Little is known about challenges and transition that medical students from different cultural backgrounds face with regard to complementary medicine (CM). This paper explores such students’ experiences and perspectives of socio-cultural and academic difference with regard to CM and experiences of intercultural relations. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, 30 in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with medical students across 10 Australian medical schools. The data were rigorously analysed through a systematic process of coding, categorisation and theoretical development. The findings indicate that students adapted considerably to the host culture. Students with Western backgrounds integrated better socio-culturally and academically compared to students with non-Western backgrounds. Although nationality represented cultural identity, students’ construction of cultural difference was informed by their perception of diverging value systems within the specific educational environment. These values were, in turn, reflected in students’ reported behaviours, attitudes, and levels of engagement in socio-cultural and academic aspects of university life. Adaptation employed by students was evidenced largely due to their conflicting sense of responsibility towards familial culture regarding CM and focus on fitting in. While students’ tendency to gravitate towards cultural peers was evident, most students adapted to their host environment regarding CM to fit into normal intercultural encounters during medical school. In conclusion, students’ intercultural contact with regard to CM was both complex and problematic. At a time of significant diversification within the higher education student body, this paper highlights the role medical education institutions can play in fostering intercultural and academic guidance and support.