Learning and adaptation with regard to complementary medicine in a foreign context: Intercultural experiences of medical students from different cultural backgrounds

Little is known about challenges and transition that medical students from different cultural backgrounds face with regard to complementary medicine (CM). This paper explores such students’ experiences and perspectives of socio-cultural and academic difference with regard to CM and experiences of intercultural relations. Using a constructivist grounded theory approach, 30 in-depth qualitative interviews were conducted with medical students across 10 Australian medical schools. The data were rigorously analysed through a systematic process of coding, categorisation and theoretical development. The findings indicate that students adapted considerably to the host culture. Students with Western backgrounds integrated better socio-culturally and academically compared to students with non-Western backgrounds. Although nationality represented cultural identity, students’ construction of cultural difference was informed by their perception of diverging value systems within the specific educational environment. These values were, in turn, reflected in students’ reported behaviours, attitudes, and levels of engagement in socio-cultural and academic aspects of university life. Adaptation employed by students was evidenced largely due to their conflicting sense of responsibility towards familial culture regarding CM and focus on fitting in. While students’ tendency to gravitate towards cultural peers was evident, most students adapted to their host environment regarding CM to fit into normal intercultural encounters during medical school. In conclusion, students’ intercultural contact with regard to CM was both complex and problematic. At a time of significant diversification within the higher education student body, this paper highlights the role medical education institutions can play in fostering intercultural and academic guidance and support.     

Cultural Identification and Religious Identification Contribute Differentially to the Adaptation of Australian Adolescent Muslims

Australian Muslims are generally perceived as a devalued group in Australia and the public attitudes towards them are generally negative. This context raises questions about belonging and adaptation among Australian adolescent Muslims. The current study investigated how adolescent Muslims relate to their heritage culture, religion, and Australian culture, and which of these three factors is most important to adolescent Muslims’ psychological and socio-cultural adaptation. The study employed a mixed-method design. A total of 321 high school Muslim students (149 males and 172 females) aged between 14 and 18 years completed self-report questionnaires, and a subset sample of 18 students in the same age range, evenly split between males and females, participated in semi-structured interviews. The study revealed a hierarchical pattern of identification among Australian adolescent Muslims, with attachment to their religion being the most important, followed by heritage culture identification and being Australian in third place. Australian adolescent Muslims’ religious identification was perceived overall as more crucial to their socio-cultural and psychological adaptation, than their heritage culture identification or Australian identification. There was an overall modest contribution of Australian identification to adolescent Muslims’ adaptation. This might be connected with the relatively less attachment they show to their Australian identity due maybe to perception of being the target of prejudice, an issue that can be addressed by implementation of prejudice reduction strategies.     

中国武术与奥林匹克运动之差异性研究

为使武术套路运动项目顺利进入奥林匹克运动会,文章采用文献资料法、比较法以及访问法,从文化、生存方式和比赛的评判标准三个方面寻找中国武术与奥林匹克运动之间的差异。以促进竞技武术的改革发展。早日实现中国武术的奥运梦。     

我国社会体育指导员的现状分析及发展趋势

社会体育指导员在我国社会体育的发展中的地位日趋重要,本文在分析我国社会体育指导员发展现状的基础上,就社会体育指导员的未来职业化、规范化、社会化等趋势进行了探讨。     

透析甘肃地方传统文化品牌——兼论通备武艺宗师马凤图对中国武学的贡献

在幅员辽阔的中国西北大地上,活跃着一支驰骛近百年的大型武术流派“马氏通备武艺”,它是甘肃的文化品牌之一。改革开放以来,它们立足西北,辐射全国,以它优良的自身品质成功走出国门,将金子般的光芒撒向全世界,成为引人注目的当代文化现象。文章对通备武艺的缔造者、实践者马风图先生的武学成就和贡献进行了系统阐述。旨在让社会进一步了解通备武艺,挖掘和创新以“通神达化,备万贯一;理象会通,体用具备”为宗旨的“通备”神韵,使之让它在和谐社会中惠之于民。     

Review on the characterisation of ancient stringed musical instruments varnishes and implementation of an analytical strategy

For the last 60 years, varnishes of ancient musical instruments, particularly stringed instruments of the violin family dating 17th and 18th centuries, have been analysed to establish their chemical composition and multi-layered structure. The objective was to rediscover the technology for making the varnish of esteemed Italian violins and to reconstitute it. This paper reviews the physico-chemical studies published on such varnishes and also focuses on a research project carried out since 2002 at the Musée de la musique in Paris. It aims to apply in a comprehensive way different non-destructive or micro destructive methods (Py-GC/MS, IR microscopy, SEM/EDX, EDXRF, synchrotron radiation-based techniques, …) to the study of a large and representative number of ancient varnished musical instruments from a museum collection.     

非物质文化遗产视野下的传统武术保护方法

传统武术属于非物质文化遗产,在我国的四级非物质文化遗产名录中,有越来越多的传统武术项目进入其中,怎么对传统武术进行保护是一个亟待解决的问题。本文认为,保护要注意以人为本、活态传承,可以采用"物质化"的保护方式。对濒危项目优先保护,保护时要注意项目的整体性和原真性,要发挥传承人的自主性,做到保护和利用并举。     

The Future of Defunct Religious Buildings: Dutch Approaches to Their Adaptive Re-use

Across the Western world, membership in the established organized churches is on the decline with a concomitant reduction in the need for churches and church halls. As redundant and unused churches are the focus of vandalism and decay, owners and heritage managers are looking for options to adaptively re-use such buildings. This article reviews the literature on the re-use of churches in the Netherlands, which has long history of innovatively addressing the problems. The options available range from re-use for religious purposes by other denominations or faiths, to community use (multi-purpose, sport, music etc.), and private use, which can be either commercial or residential. The attitudes of the community and the original property owners play a major part in successful adaptive re-use. Because of its long history, the Dutch experience in adaptive re-use of religious buildings has much to offer heritage managers in other countries faced with this emergent management issue.     

融入与解放：社会化视域下的体育休闲

从个体社会化的理论视角,阐述了社会化的内涵以及中国人个体社会化的特点.指出,体育休闲是个体社会化的一种途径,它可以促进参与者社会互动交往和社会群体融入,帮助参与者更好地适应社会角色和解放个体身心,有助于参与者提升自我实践能力和养成责任意识;以"广场舞"跑吧"驴友"三项体育休闲活动为例,具体分析其对于参与者个体社会化所具有的价值和所发挥的作用,认为应注意近年来体育休闲中出现的问题,合理管控不利因素,推动国民体育休闲水平的进一步提升.