Fitting Unstructured Finite Mixture Models in Longitudinal Design: A Recommendation for Model Selection and Estimation of the Number of Classes

In longitudinal design, investigating interindividual differences of intraindividual changes enables researchers to better understand the potential variety of development and growth. Although latent growth curve mixture models have been widely used, unstructured finite mixture models (uFMMs) are also useful as a preliminary tool and are expected to be more robust in identifying classes under the influence of possible model misspecifications, which are very common in actual practice. In this study, large-scale simulations were performed in which various normal uFMMs and nonnormal uFMMs were fit to evaluate their utility and the performance of each model selection procedure for estimating the number of classes in longitudinal designs. Results show that normal uFMMs assuming invariance of variance–covariance structures among classes perform better on average. Among model selection procedures, the Calinski–Harabasz statistic, which has a nonparametric nature, performed better on average than information criteria, including the Bayesian information criterion.     

基础教育课程改革十年来高校体育教育专业课程改革的现状研究

文章采用文献资料法、调查法和面谈法等研究方法,对基础教育课程改革十年来高校体育教育专业课程改革的情况进行了分析研究。研究发现,以教育部六所直属院校体育教育专业为代表的高校体育教育专业在教师教育类以及教育管理类课程开设方面存在不足,缺乏对未来教师职业素养与能力的养成教育。     

论外语课程的文化回应性教学

本文认为,当前外语课程教学在文化教育方面存在着片面强调语言知识教学,忽视中西方文化背景、文化价值观导入、缺乏文化理解力培养的局限性。语言与文化具有发生学的关系,语言是文化的载体,文化的任何内容都可通过语言来反映。外语教学中要注重文化背景、文化价值观念、文化差异的导入,以培养学生的跨文化交际能力和文化理解力。文化回应是基于语言学立场与文化立场整合的外语教学策略。     

我国高校野外生存生活训练课程研究现状分析

本文以我国野外生存生活训练课程研究学术论文为研究对象,从时间分布、期刊分布、课题情况、作者分布、研究方法和研究内容等方面对我国野外生存生活生活训练课程研究现状进行了分析。结果表明,在野外生存生活课程日益受到学者、各类课题和期刊重视的同时。也存在课程实践偏少的情况。提出部分有条件的高校应开设野外生存生活训练课程,并建设野外生存生活训练课程实践基地,同时也不能偏离高校体育改革与发展的方向。     

太原市小学体育教师培养学生社会适应能力的现状研究

文章运用文献资料研究法和问卷调查法等研究方法,对太原市小学体育教师培养学生社会适应能力的现状进行调查,旨在了解小学《体育与健康教学大纲》实施以来,太原市小学体育教师在培养学生社会适应能力、在教学内容、教学方法以及教学评价等方面存在的问题,并提出一些建议,以期为太原市小学体育教育提供相应的帮助。     

浅析中国武术走出国门之路

北京奥运会已经完美谢幕,我们期盼已久的武术只是作为表演项目,未能跻身于奥运大家庭。文章通过武术与跆拳道、柔道这些奥运项目的对比,运用文献资料研究方法和数据分析法对武术及其相关概念进行分析。认为:武术与功夫概念存在混用现象,武术作为一种体育文化,需要重新界定武术的本质特征;政府等有关部门应从战略高度对外推广武术;国内武术界应放长眼光,摒弃门派观念弊端,改变传统的武术推广模式,借鉴成功经验,让中国武术进入奥运,走出国门。     

体育教师实施新课程标准基本理念的思考

为了让新课程标准的基本理念更好地贯彻到实际教学活动当中,运用文献资料、逻辑分析等研究方法,对新课程标准基本理念的内涵及体育教师落实基本理念的有效途径进行了分析探讨。结果表明：新课程标准的基本理念符合素质教育的基本要求;转变体育教学观念,建立新型师生关系,正确理解并激发学生的兴趣,关注个体差异是体育教师实施新课程标准的有效途径。     

哈尔滨体育学院运动人体科学专业发展若干问题的探讨

研究结合当前运动人体科学专业建设中存在的若干问题和社会对运动人体科学专业的时代需求,科学地制定了哈尔滨体育学院运动人体科学专业培养目标,对优化课程设置,突出专业特色等问题进行了分析研究。调整教学计划,重新确立了专业课程和选修课程,突出运动人体科学专业的特色,有利于本专业的发展。     

A method of providing accurate velocity feedback of performance on an instrumented kayak ergometer

On a kayak ergometer, an accurate simulation of the athlete-paddle-kayak system kinematics is essential for analysing the relationship between technique and performance. The purpose of this study was to establish a strong relationship between performances on flatwater and performances on an ergometer by means of propulsive force measurement and drag models. Two trials were performed by 12 kayakers in which they were first timed over 250 m of flatwater kayaking (the reference test) and were then asked to perform a trial of the same duration on the ergometer with the same perceived physical exertion. Three techniques for measuring propulsive force and three drag models generated nine combinations, which were all evaluated for their ability to estimate kayak velocity. For each combination, the distance covered by the athlete on the ergometer was simulated. A kayakers’ ergometer ranking was based on the average velocity in the ergometer trial. Both distance and ranking were compared to the on-water results. The simulation with the best combination of force measurement and drag model gave an accurate estimate of distance (253 ± 10.5 vs. 250 m) and ranking compared to the reference test.     

陕西师范大学体育教育专业免费师范生的课程研究

采用文献资料等方法,对陕西师范大学体育教育专业免费师范生的课程现状进行研究。结果表明：农村中小学最需要教学实践能力强、技术全面、有扎实的基础理论功底,并且能够胜任农村中小学体育教学的优秀体育教师。而我校体育教育专业目前存在着课程设置太死、缺乏实践能力,以及适应农村中小学体育教学能力的培养、专业技术课学时缺乏、教育实习制度不完善、并且课程设置与中小学体育新课标的教学要求相脱节等问题。因此,目前我校体育教育专业的课程设置与免费师范生政策的人才需求不相适应。