从抒情主体的转移看词“别是一家”

抒情主体的转移是文学创作中的一种普遍的现象。本文从抒情主体转移的角度,来考察词“别是一家”的文体特质。首先,比较了诗、词中抒情主体转移现象的异同,由于“词为艳科”的传统观念所限制,导致了词的抒情主体以歌妓为主。其次,本文从文化背景和创作主体两个角度,考察这种现象之所以形成。认为:燕乐风俗、歌妓制度是词之抒情主体转移的文化背景;文人士大夫的双重性格是词的抒情主体转移的必要条件。最后,分析了花间词和“花间范式”,认为“花间范式”是抒情主体转移所造成的词体定型,由于后代词人皆以花间词为“鼻祖”,由此确定了词的那种“要眇宜修”、幽隐深微的文体特质。     

高校《报关实务》课程的人才培养目的及手段研究

高校《报关实务》是国际经济与贸易、国际商务等专业为培养该学科领域的通识人才必开的一门专业主干课程,既包含报关、通关的专业知识,也包含相应的专业技能。但受报关员职业准入制度和考试客观题型化的限制,《报关实务》课程施教中普遍存在重面授和应试、轻实训的倾向。高校《报关实务》课程应特别重视实训以培养学生报关、通关的专业技能。本文特别提出手工实训是《报关实务》课程实训的最佳方式,并依据报关、通关的四大技能要求开列四类实训类别,每类实训按工作方法分列了若干项目,还作了实训范例以供任课教师参照使用。     

客家民俗旅游资源的开发

客家地区有着丰富多彩的民俗文化资源,有着旅游开发得天独厚的优势。本文试从客家民俗与旅游的关系、客家民俗旅游资源的内容与评价以及开发中应注意的问题作一初步的探讨。     

彝族“撮泰吉”的文化民俗涵义及多重功用

人们在翻译被誉为"戏剧的活化石"的"撮泰吉"这一名词时,都往往从它的情节和反映的内容入手,理解为"变人"或"变人戏"等,对其文化民俗涵义与功用都有所忽略。将它与彝族传统历史文化背景联系起来探讨,是十分必要的。     

毕节地区布依族婚姻礼俗及其透视

毕节地区布依族有着共同的婚姻礼俗范式,在其婚姻礼俗中积淀着浓厚而丰富的布依族思想、文化内涵,昭显着布依族的民族精魂;同时其婚姻礼俗又支持、坚守、作用于布依族的民族精魂,因而共同的婚姻礼俗范式体现出毕节地区布依族对本民族文化的认同,从而保障了在现代社会交融中,毕节地区布依族对自己民族的认同,由此体现出毕节地区的布依族仍是一个充满凝聚力的民族共同体。     

The Establishment of a Library Networking Model for the Caribbean Region: A Delphi Study

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this study was to propose a library networking model for the Caribbean region. In addition, the probability, desirability, and feasibility of developing and implementing the proposed model was assessed.

Three questionnaires were used for collecting the data. One was called the preliminary questionnaire; the second one consisted of the Delphi questionnaire, which was sent in two rounds; and the third, was the cross-impact questionnaire.

The analysis of responses to the three questionnaires were the major sources of input on the design of this prototype model. The major findings were: Almost all libraries were involved in some kind of cooperative activity involving other institutions. Interlibrary loans, exchange of professional information, and reference services were three major activities which are carried out by libraries, both at the local level and based on informal arrangements. Eighteen institutions reported that they were engaged in computer activities with other libraries. Responses indicated that a wide array of materials exist and that a good portion is in English. Other languages represented were French, Spanish, Dutch, Papiamento, and German. There is a variety of materials found in library collections in the Caribbean region.

The classification schemes used are DDC–the most widely used; followed by LC. The AACR II is used by 82.5 percent of the institutions participating in the study.

All respondents, except one, agreed that there is a need for a networking structure in the Caribbean. Inadequate funding of library and information services was the major obstacle to the development and implementation of a library network. Absence of planning and lack of library legislation were two other impediments mentioned. The responses to the two rounds of Delphi questionnaires provided information with regard to the probability, desirability, and feasibility of the occurrence of the events presented to the participants. In general, experts agreed with all the components that were proposed in the questionnaires. The components for the proposed structure include objectives, functions, governance structure, composition of the network structure, types of members, funding and financing sources, type of structure, and operational requirements of the network.     

自由择偶、聘娶婚与“不落夫家”习俗--论南方少数民族婚姻中女子居住地的转换

不落夫家习俗在中国南方许多民族中普遍传承,关于这一习俗的产生原因和性质,学术界一直争论不休。但不落夫家并不是母系制向父系制过渡阶段的产物,而是聘娶婚出现后,聘娶婚与自由择偶婚俗复合所产生的一种特殊习俗,即举行结婚仪式后,须经过较长时间的过渡,夫妇由偶尔同居转为共同生活,女子的居住地由娘家完全转移至夫家,婚姻缔结的全部过程才算完成。     

先秦婚俗中的履屦

刘向《说苑.修文篇》中有关先秦亲迎礼仪式的记载中提到了“取一两屦以履女”的行为,这种行为无疑具有某种含义,而此含义的确定又取决于使亲迎这一礼仪系统整体得以产生并运作的指导观念。由相关的文献记载来看,两周时代的亲迎礼是以“妇顺”观念为核心而展开的;同时,“屦”、“履”、“葛屦”等物象本身就包含着“柔”、“顺”之意。因此,先秦亲迎礼中“取一两屦以履女”的行为是妇顺原则的体现。     

浅议口译的跨文化因素

随着中国加入世贸组织及经济的发展,中国与世界的联系也不断加强。与之而来的是对口译的需求的增强。而口译作为一种跨语言的意义相互理解的交际行为,绝不仅仅只是简单的语际间的代码转换,而是以传递语言信息及表达意图为目的的交际行为。为了充分地理解并获取交谈双方语言及其所包含的意义及意图,并且用适合听众的语言准确得传达出去,更好地实现口译所承担的交际效果,口译员在口译过程中必须充分利用各种有利条件并考虑两种或多种语言社会或团体的文化因素。该文试图从民族传统习俗、文化背景知识及思维方式几方面来分析口译中的跨文化现象,以期对口译研究的发展及提高口译效果有所帮助。     

毕节彝族禁忌习俗解读

毕节彝族因自然、社会条件于新石器时代产生了禁忌习俗,表现在性禁忌和保护图腾物两方面。伴随着彝族先民生产力、认知水平的提高和毕节走向开放的步伐,彝族禁忌习俗亦发生了系列变化:古代社会禁忌范围扩大、近现代以来禁忌松驰且吸纳了其他民族的禁忌习俗。这些禁忌在历史长河中发挥过一定的积极作用,因此我们不能简单地以"迷信"、"陋俗"概之。