Two cultures: the use and non-use of hypotheses in cultural policy research1

In the hard sciences research programmes are designed to generate evidence consistent or inconsistent with particular hypotheses. Hypotheses unsupported by evidence are modified or abandoned. The framers and testers of scientific hypotheses are members of the same profession, similarly trained and likely to interpret evidence in similar ways. They have professionally generalized responsibility for the quality and integrity of each other's work. Peer review systems are in place to monitor performance and expose chicanery. This is not the case in the cultural policy research arena. Here, policymakers, arts advocates and academic policy analysts are breeds apart. Their professional affiliations and lines of accountability are radically unlike. We have highly selective “advocacy” evidence on the one hand; highly developed but untestable academic theory on the other, suggesting the hypothetical existence of evidence for which academics are not allowed to look. Policymakers avoid “what if?” questions because they are paid to maintain positions of certainty. Academics ask, but lack the data to answer. Neither approach is satisfactory for shaping the future. This paper explains how the two opposing research traditions came into being and points to some of the problems which poor communication between theoreticians and practitioners can create.     

Reciprocal elucidation: a student-led pedagogy in multidisciplinary undergraduate research conferences

There is no previous study of the benefits of attending a national multidisciplinary conference dedicated to undergraduate researchers, despite the growing number of such conferences internationally. This paper addresses the gap in knowledge of the learning gains from these conferences, and reveals a student driven learning process, a multidisciplinary signature pedagogy. It presents the results of 90 in-depth interviews with student conference participants conducted over three consecutive years of a multidisciplinary National Conference of Undergraduate Research (2012–2014). This paper uniquely captures the student voice on their perceived learning gains from this experience. The results reveal that some students co-create a pedagogy of Foucauldian reciprocal elucidation, through a sense of ‘unfinishedness’, allowing them to reflect on their own learning in the light of divergent perspectives, questions and frames of reference. Bidirectional exchange of ideas and insights enabled students to ask and answer questions that transformed each other’s thinking, allowing them to arrive at understandings they could not have achieved by themselves. The opportunity to present research in an authentic setting beyond disciplinary and institutional contexts developed students’ skills and confidence, giving additional value over and above the recognised benefits of engaging in research. The undergraduate research conference is framed as a threshold experience for the development of self-authorship. Significant implications for practice include supporting constructive dialogues between students and the creation of authentic and professional multidisciplinary contexts for sharing research.     

通道转兵 石破天惊

通道会议是遵义会议的预演,研究遵义会议首先必须对通道会议有一个深刻认识。通道会议研究了军事问题,虽然没有就战略方针的转变问题取得一致意见,但红军从此反客为主,掌握了战争的主动权,促进了这个问题的解决,为尔后黎平会议决策红军战略计划转变乃至遵义会议的顺利召开作了必要的准备。通道战略转兵是毛泽东实事求是路线在长征中的首次胜利,为遵义会议创造了关键性的前提条件,为毛泽东重新回到红军的领导岗位奠定了基础。     

疫情背景下举办医药专业在线学术会议的实践与思考 ——以《中国药房》杂志为例

医药专业学术会议是医药行业学术交流的重要平台,但在2020年新冠肺炎疫情的影响下,传统线下学术会议举办受到了极大限制。为顺应形势,《中国药房》改变传统思维,寻求突破,自2020年4月起,成功策划并举办了多场在线会议,包括“医院药事热点”主题系列专家圆桌论坛和“药学e论坛”在线专题研讨会等,在线参会人数累计达十几万人次。本文从良好的线下会议品牌口碑和丰富的办会经验、凝聚当前行业热点和难点的科学选题、贴近线下会议氛围的展现形式和紧凑的议程安排、技术过硬的播放平台支持和良好的会议宣传、医药企业的赞助和支持等方面阐述疫情背景下举办医药专业在线学术会议的成功要素,并分析其成效与不足,旨在为科技期刊通过在线学术会议这一途径承担起学术传播、信息交流的重要职责提供借鉴和参考。     

主席控制模式下视频会议系统分会场的施工实践

视频会议是近年来伴随着信息技术的迅猛发展而兴起的一种新的多媒体通信方式。建设主席控制模式下的视频会议系统分会场,要进行分会场的位置选择、影响参数分析和设计,以及合理地布局和安装视频会议系统设备等实践。     

由《盐铁论》浅析西汉中期经济思想

昭帝时期,为了明确未来国家经济的发展方向,中央召开了盐铁会议。以桑弘羊为代表的政府官员与以贤良文学为代表的民间才俊展开了激烈的辩论。辩论的实质是究竞该采用“放任”与“干预”哪种经济管理模式。双方据理力争,畅所欲言,均充分表达了自己的经济观念。     

中国心理学研究的现状与发展——第九至十二届全国心理学学术大会论文的文献计量学分析

进入21世纪后,中国心理学会共召开了4届全国性的学术大会。本文采用文献计量法对中国心理学会第九、十、十一、十二届全国心理学学术大会编印的《论文摘要集》中的论文进行统计分析,旨在发现中国心理学的变化与发展。结果表明：收录论文数量有较大提高,各领域的研究不断细化;心理学最主要的研究领域是发展心理学、教育心理学、社会心理学、普通与实验心理学,其次是工业心理学、临床与咨询心理学、学校心理学、体育运动心理学、军事心理学、心理测量学等。研究者使用最多的是实证性的研究方法和定量研究;研究者地区分布从集中在北京地区开始向其它地区扩展,研究者单位主要来自于高等学校和专门研究机构,合作方式主要是单位内部合作。近十年来,我国心理学研究的各领域发展迅速、心理学研究的科学性逐步增强、心理学研究的力量不断壮大、心理学研究的国际化水平逐步提高。     

开滦视频会议系统常见问题及处理

开滦视频会议系统的投入使用不仅为集团公司召开会议节约了开支，也大大提高了工作效率。通过对视频会议系统运行维护中的一些实际问题的分析，制定出了切实可行的解决办法，为系统可靠运行提供了保证。     

English renewed: Visions of English among teachers of 1966

This article examines the way in which curriculum renewal in English teaching in the late 1960s was brought about largely through the democratic process of teacher participation. It describes the role that the newly formed National Association for the Teaching of English (NATE) played in creating the process in conjunction with American colleagues from the National Council of Teachers of English (NCTE) at the 1966 Dartmouth Conference. The author, who participated in this event, describes the values debated at this conference which underpinned reform and which were subsequently tested out and implemented in England by practitioners in schools, supported by NATE local branches. He asks the reader to consider the ways in which this process of reform differs from the ways in which processes of curriculum change are currently structured.     

关税特别会议的议事范围及其突破

华盛顿九国条约规定的关税特别会议的议事范围不包括恢复中国关税自主权问题在内。会后,北洋政府为关税会议作准备而发起召开的关税研究会对“税权”问题的讨论,虽已含有突破华会条约所定议事范围的趋势,但北洋政府本身却无法实现这一突破,它需要一种外在的力量加以促成。正在国人为关税会议的前途担忧之际,五卅运动爆发。其作用体现在两方面,一是废除不平等条约运动的兴起,一是各界对扩充关税会议议事范围的要求,正是这两种因素的共同作用使关税会议的议事范围突破了华会条约的限制。