循证决策的协同模式：面向国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的科学与决策关系建构

推进重大科技决策制度化,是我国建设世界科技强国、实现现代国家治理体系及治理能力现代化的重要内容。然而,对于正处于社会转型期的中国而言,面对一个更加不确定的风险社会,建构科学与决策的关系面临前所未有的严峻挑战。新冠肺炎疫情的爆发与蔓延,是一堂生动的风险社会启蒙课。在疫情中,关于科学与决策关系的讨论,特别是英国"群体免疫"决策引发的质疑和争议,揭示出风险社会中的循证困境。文章从追溯科学与决策关系的模式及其演进出发,梳理循证决策的路径和机制,提出以反思科学和纾解循证困境为基础建构科学决策的协同模式,并分析了该模式嵌入我国建设现代国家治理体系全局的具体任务和要求。     

决策树在高职学生成绩影响因素分析中的应用

利用数据挖掘技术研究高职院校学生成绩的影响因素,对高职学生成绩管理具有重要意义。决策树法是数据挖掘的主要技术和方法,利用决策树C4.5算法系统研究了我校信息工程学院二年级学生成绩影响因素,建立了影响学生成绩的决策树模型,使学校有针对性的开展学生管理工作。     

C4.5决策树算法在应用型本科高校就业管理中的应用研究

将数据挖掘中的C4.5算法应用于应用型本科院校的就业管理信息系统中,有利于发掘出应用型毕业生就业中隐藏的有用因素和内在联系,对促进学校进行教学改革,指导学生提高自身素质和知识结构,从而最大程度的提高毕业生的就业率。     

辽宁西部地区先秦时期聚落遗址空间格局分析

聚落考古是以聚落遗址为研究对象的考古学重要手段之一.选取遗址数目众多的辽宁西部地区,采用决策树分类和基于遗址等级权重的改进聚类分析方法划分聚落,研究聚落分布及其内部结构关系.经分析,辽宁西部地区聚落分布受到水系、地貌和气候的共同作用,不同时期呈现出不同形态.区域中最大的聚落位于大凌河支流流域,该位置与史料中记载的辽西区域郡首阳乐的位置十分相近.通过对遗址等级的统计分析,各聚落内高等级遗址所占比例逐渐减小,最后趋于5%左右,各聚落高等级遗址的控制范围与位置和聚落内部遗址数目关系密切.     

经济因素与奥运会举办城市的归属问题探析

本研究根据<奥林匹克宪章>中对奥运会举办城市遴选的规定,从国际奥委会和候选城市两方面探讨了经济因素对双方的决定作用.对于国际奥委会而言,奥运会巨大的规模,全球目前面临的经济危机和数量众多的比赛场馆的建设,需要坚实的经济基础,奥运会举办国家和城市的经济实力是前提.对于奥运会举办城市来讲,提出诱人的经济条件是获得选票的     

足球教练员决策行为的理论研究

足球教练员在训练和比赛的过程中要不断地做出各种决策.足球教练员的决策分为战略性决策和战术性决策.足球教练员决策过程中信息的获取和分析,对决策的科学化程度有着直接的关系.足球教练员自身的综合素养、思维方式、性格特征、经验积累,以及外部环境和条件的制约,决定了足球教练员的决策只能是建立在一种有限的理性基础之上.     

框架效应下人格特征对高校高水平运动员 决策行为的影响作用研究

探讨正负信息呈现方式对高校高水平学生运动员的运动决策行为及人格特征的影响作用.研究方法:采用自编运动员决策问题问卷和大五人格量表(中国修订版),以分层抽样的方法,抽取高水平运动员260人为研究对象,随机分为两组,正面框架组(n=126),负面框架组(n=123),对两组间被试的方案选择进行X2检验,方案选择与人格特征的关系进行t检验.结果:接受正面框架实验情景的被试,保守和冒险方案选择人数比例相当,分别为42.86%和57.14%;负面框架组的被试,只有17.07%选择保守方案,差异有统计学意义.正面框架下,外向性维度得分高的被试个体倾向于冒险,愉悦性维度得分高的被试个体倾向于保守;但在负面框架中,差异无统计学意义.负面框架下被试个体更倾向于冒险;外向性和愉悦人格特征与运动决策行为有关.     

A knock to the system: A new sociotechnical systems approach to sport-related concussion

Broader contextual factors that influence concussion management have tended to be overlooked. To address this, the present study used a sociotechnical systems approach to identify perceived responsibilities and applied strategies for three domains of concussion management (i.e., prevention, identification and treatment). Participants were 118 members of the community rugby union system in Australia (69.2% male). Participants from throughout the rugby system (e.g., players, parents, coaches, club management) were asked open-ended questions about their perceived responsibilities and the strategies they use for concussion management. It was found that (a) proper training, technique correction and education were recurrent prevention themes; (b) the majority of key stakeholders felt that they could consistently identify concussion; however, medical aids (medics) were the only system actors who stated a responsibility to use standardised concussion assessment measures and (c) less than one third of the respondents indicated their involvement in treating concussion. This study identifies specific junctures in the system that prevents effective concussion management strategies. A sociotechnical systems approach improves the understanding of concussion prevention, and management beliefs and behaviours.     

Embodied learning and school-based physical culture: implications for professionalism and practice in physical education

We write as critical theorists, who consider that in terms of scoping out robust conceptual elaborations which are suitable for contemporary schooling, that physical education has ground to make up connecting theory with practice and practice with theory. We advocate that aspects of existentialism and phenomenology can provide a theoretically sound basis on which to argue that embodied learning should be the foundational cornerstone of physical education programmes. To avoid embodied learning becoming overly learner centric and insular, we advance Merleau-Pontian informed ideas on how learning could flourish when an individual and embodied focus merges with a school-wide physical culture agenda which is underpinned by social and moral theorizing. In developing our focus on merging embodied learning and physical culture, we draw upon MacIntyrean views on the goods which are internal to practice and extend thinking on how these goods could merge with the diverse aims and intentions informing the culture and ethos in schools. In pursuing these ambitions, we outline the constructive activist-based benefits of teachers working within subsidiarity-based school communities where pedagogical decisions are made at a level consistent with realizing whole schools aims. This is in spite of our acknowledgement that the lack of career-long professional learning adds to the difficulty of achieving these aims. In conclusion we argue that if physical education is to become a pivotal component of realizing a diverse range of whole school aims there is a need for greater professional engagement with pedagogical approaches that attempt to derive greater meaning from learners movement experiences and which help learners to understand better both their own identity and the ethos of the school context and environment they share with others.     

中介式调节作用在肥胖青少年锻炼经历与锻炼行为之间的关系研究

运用结构方程模型对均衡决策和自我效能在锻炼经历和锻炼行为中的作用进行分析,探讨肥胖青少年锻炼行为与锻炼经历、均衡决策、自我效能之间的关系.结果显示:均衡决策、自我效能在锻炼经历和锻炼行为的关系中起中介作用;自我效能对锻炼经历与均衡决策的关系,以及均衡决策与锻炼行为的关系起调节作用;均衡决策的中介效应受到自我效能的调节,并且均衡决策也是自我效能和锻炼行为关系的中介变量.自我效能对锻炼行为起间接中介作用,调节了锻炼经历与均衡决策、均衡决策与锻炼行为之间关系的作用轨迹和特征,促进了锻炼经历对锻炼行为的预测作用,影响了肥胖青少年的锻炼行为.