试论归纳推理的合理性

归纳合理性问题最初是由休谟提出的。对这一问题，哲学家和逻辑学家提出了种种解决途径：或借助概率弱化归纳推理的结论，企图对之作演绎论证；或借“世界齐一性”对之作归纳证明；或诉诸无知的解决方式；或釜底抽薪的解决方式。马克思主义认为，归纳虽然不是一种必然性的推理，它的前提的真实不能保证它的结论必然真实，但这并不等于说，归纳推理就是一种毫无根据的推理。     

The role of fantasy figures in the regulation of young children's behavior: Santa Claus,the Easter Bunny,and donations

The present study examined the influence of Santa Claus and the Easter Bunny on children's donations near the Easter season. Kindergarten and first-grade children were asked to tell stories about Santa Claus, the Easter Bunny, or pets, for which they received nine pieces of gum. They were then encouraged to donate any amount of their gum to handicapped children. Main effects were found only for grade, with first-grade children donating significantly more than kindergarten children. In addition, a significant interaction was obtained between grade and type of story elicited from the child. This interaction revealed that for kindergarten children, the type of story failed to influence donations, whereas for first-grade children, stories referring to Santa Claus increased donations relative to stories told about the Easter Bunny or pets.     

Empowering Adolescent Readers: Intertextuality in Three Novels by David Almond

In Skellig, Kit’s Wilderness, and Clay, David Almond employs various types of intertextuality to enrich his narratives. Through the use of allusion, adaptation, collage, and mise-en-abyme, he encourages his adolescent readers to seek out precursor texts and to consider the interrelationships between these texts and his own. By so doing, he demonstrates the respect he has for his readers and empowers them to become active makers of meaning.

残酷的朝圣之旅——重读劳伦斯《查泰莱夫人的情人》

评价文学史上有争议的作家的意义，最重要的是看他为人类提供了多少富有原创性的思想，这思想是可以澄清被常识、经验所遮蔽的生活底蕴的。劳伦斯的意义正在这里。其代表作《查泰莱夫人的情人》以其独特的哲理探讨与诗性烛照相互交融的风格来挖掘人性中的本能力量，以性的自然对抗工业社会的非人性因素，召唤人们从资产阶级文明的灰烬中建立起真正的现代社会，体现了劳伦斯武的以“生殖的温柔”拯救社会的人生理想。     

Characterization of David Copperfield

Abstracts:David Copperfield is one of the masterpieces of the famous British novelist Charles Dickens in the 19th century. Dick?ens portrays a series of characters with distinctive disposition such as David Copperfield, the Peggottys, Mr. and Mrs. Micawber, Murdstone, Uriah Heep etc. Through the actions and conflicts of these figures, the author reveals the panorama of the social life at the time.     

On the Contradiction between Industrialization and Human Beings in“Odor of Chrysanthemums”

Growing up in a coal-miner family, Lawrence hated industrialization and insisted that industrialization destroyed natu?ral and human world. The destruction of industrialization on natural and human wor...     

劳伦斯小说的矿冶书写:以《查太莱夫人的情人》为例

劳伦斯作为矿冶作家的身份常常被人忽视。其实作为矿冶作家,他的小说中蕴含着许多矿冶文化因子。文章以他最后一部凝聚毕生心血的小说《查太莱夫人的情人》为例,分析劳伦斯对矿工、矿场主的描写,对劳资双方之间紧张对立关系的揭露。一部矿冶文化史也是一部人性斗争史,矿冶文明在形成发展过程中经历了惊心动魄的人性较量。从矿冶文化的视角细读劳伦斯的矿冶小说,有助于丰富对矿冶文学文体特征的理解。     

学者走出象牙塔——戴维·洛奇的小说《好工作》研究

作家戴维·洛奇是英国著名的小说家、文学评论家、理论家和思想家,其突出特点是发现现实生活中的矛盾与冲突．并从文学作品中巧妙地反映自己的想法,应对各种冲突,以独到的方式引导读者积极参与其中,从而挖掘各种隐藏的深层意义。文章通过对戴维·洛奇的小说《好工作》的初步研究．探讨大学讲师罗玢与工厂厂长维克多之间隔阂的消除过程．反映出学院与工业世界之间融合的思想主旨。     

玄学派诗人乔治·赫伯特的《美德》的艺术魅力

17世纪玄学派诗人乔治赫伯特的《美德》是一首短小但极具哲理的好诗,以其简洁生动的语言和丰富的修辞手法感召着世人,诗人在诗中所使用的拟人、明喻、暗喻、通感等修辞手法与诗的意境的巧妙结合,形成该诗的独特艺术魅力。     

黄哲伦:文化身份的探求

种族和文化的冲突在当今世界仍然存在,并且有可能会愈演愈烈。与其他作家不同的是,黄哲伦在作品当中并未采用反对性的话语表现身份认同,而是采取探求的方式,结合中西文化,为华裔所面临的文化困惑提供了一个全新的认识角度,即文化身份是自由,流动的。