Sleep Quality and Academic Performance in University Students: A Wake-Up Call for College Psychologists

Both sleep deprivation and poor sleep quality are prominent in American society, especially in college student populations. Sleep problems are often a primary disorder rather than secondary to depression. The purpose of the present study was to determine if sleep deprivation and/or poor sleep quality in a sample of nondepressed university students was associated with lower academic performance. A significant negative correlation between Global Sleep Quality score (GSQ) on the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index and grade point average supports the hypothesis that poor sleep quality is associated with lower academic performance for nondepressed students. Implications for both the remedial (assessment and treatment) and preventive (outreach) work of college and university counseling centers is discussed.     

从古今睡眠方式的变化看汉语词义系统的动态平衡

汉语的词义是成系统的,词义在演变中,其语义场内部要素也发生了相应动态的调整,这在一定程度上显示了词义的系统性。先秦时人们睡眠或直体横陈,睡在床上;或趴在几上睡。由于几这种卧具在后代消失,睡眠语义场在睡眠方式上不再强调卧具的对立,只保留睡眠状态上的内部对立。这揭示了汉语词义系统在发展中为了维护平衡而采取内部调整的语言现象。     

蒲松龄《狼》中“假寐”词义辨正

根据"假"的词义发展轨迹,可以判定:在"假寐"这一固定结构中,"假"义为"非正式","假寐"的本质意义即"非正式睡眠"。这种"非正式"可以有多种外在的具体表现形式,如没有睡意、衣冠不除、时间短暂等。表示这些外在形式的意义是"假寐"的临时情境义,它只在特定情境中成立。将蒲松龄《狼》中"假寐"一词解释为"假睡"或"小睡"都不合适,前者只是揭示了其某一临时情境义,后者连临时情境义也未能准确揭示。合适的做法,是将该词的本质意义和临时情境义结合起来进行解释。     

The role of a short post-lunch nap in improving cognitive,motor, and sprint performance in participants with partial sleep deprivation

Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a post-lunch nap on subjective alertness and performance following partial sleep loss. Ten healthy males (mean age 23.3 years, s = 3.4) either napped or sat quietly from 13:00 to 13:30 h after a night of shortened sleep (sleep 23:00 – 03:00 h only). Thirty minutes after the afternoon nap or control (no-nap) condition, alertness, short-term memory, intra-aural temperature, heart rate, choice reaction time, grip strength, and times for 2-m and 20-m sprints were recorded. The afternoon nap lowered heart rate and intra-aural temperature. Alertness, sleepiness, short-term memory, and accuracy at the 8-choice reaction time test were improved by napping (P < 0.05), but mean reaction times and grip strength were not affected (P > 0.05). Sprint times were improved. Mean time for the 2-m sprints fell from 1.060 s (s _[xbar]  = 0.018) to 1.019 s (s _[xbar]  = 0.019) (P = 0.031 paired t-test); mean time for the 20-m sprints fell from 3.971 s (s _[xbar]  = 0.054) to 3.878 s (s _[xbar]  = 0.047) (P = 0.013). These results indicate that a post-lunch nap improves alertness and aspects of mental and physical performance following partial sleep loss, and have implications for athletes with restricted sleep during training or before competition.     

Sleep restriction impairs maximal jump performance and joint coordination in elite athletes

ABSTRACT

The study objective was to examine the effects of three days of sleep restriction on maximal jump performance and joint coordination. Eleven elite cyclists obtained a one-week baseline of habitual sleep then restricted sleep to 4 h/night (SR) for three nights assessed through self-report and actigraphy. Pre and post-intervention measures were a box drop maximal vertical jump with 3D motion capture to assess physical performance and biomechanical changes, and Psychomotor Vigilance Task (PVT) assessed changes in response time. Associations between biomechanical, physical, and cognitive performance measures were assessed. Participants restricted reported sleep from 7.4 ± 0.5 h/night at baseline to 4.0 ± 0.2 h/night and actigraphy indicated 6.7 ± 0.7 to 3.7 ± 0.2 h/night. Following SR, jump height decreased (0.44 ± 0.09 vs. 0.42 ± 0.10 m, p = 0.02, g = 0.21). Hip sagittal/knee frontal (Δ15.5°, p = 0.04, g = 0.40) and hip frontal/knee frontal (Δ11.0°, p < 0.01, g = 0.44) plane coordination variability increased after SR. Hip sagittal/knee frontal plane coordination variability after SR was associated with increasingly slower PVT response time (r = 0.63, p = 0.03). These findings suggest SR for three days decreased maximal jump performance. SR increased joint coordination variability and was associated with greater impairment in response time. SR leads to deviations from preferred movement patterns, which may have implications for decrements in athlete performance and increased injury risk.     

0~5岁婴幼儿24 h活动研究系统综述

在4个英文数据库(WoS核心合集、PubMed、Embase、MEDLINE)和4个中文数据库(CNKI、万方数据库、维普数据库、中国生物医学文献数据库)中检索2020年5月1日前发表的0~5岁婴幼儿24 h活动相关文献,对文献的基本特征信息进行提取,并运用文献归纳法对所纳入研究的结果进行分析与提炼。共有12篇文献纳入研究,平均61.95%、26.59%、82.61%的婴幼儿分别达到了身体活动水平、屏幕时间、睡眠时长3项指标推荐量,3.44%、29.53%、58.25%、9%的婴幼儿分别达到了身体活动水平、屏幕时间和睡眠时长3项指标0、1、2、3条的建议标准;家庭经济水平、屏幕时间、种族是影响婴幼儿24 h活动的重要因素,但因研究数量过少无法确定其具体影响机制;24 h活动的多项指标达标可改善婴幼儿不同的身心健康指标。     

风味嗜好学习对模拟运动性失眠大鼠β-内啡肽表达的影响

研究目的：探讨风味嗜好学习与睡眠剥夺之间的内在机制,了解风味嗜好学习作为一种促进恢复的手段对提高睡眠质量的作用。研究方法：模拟运动性失眠状态,建立睡眠剥夺模型;观察风味嗜好学习对睡眠剥夺大鼠下丘脑β-内啡肽表达的影响。研究结果：风味嗜好学习建立后,各组大鼠Pa、SO核团内β-内啡肽表达水平显著升高,P〈0．01;睡眠剥夺组大鼠相关核团内阻内啡肽表达水平显著降低,P〈0．01;而嗜好学习后睡眠剥夺组大鼠β-内啡肽表达水平则无显著性变化。研究结论：对运动员进行膳食、睡眠及生活环境等各方面的条件性风味刺激,建立风味嗜好,升高阻内啡肽表达水平是舒缓紧张、焦虑情绪,消除疲劳、促进恢复,避免或缓解运动性失眠发生的有效手段。     

广州市居民锻炼等生活方式与健康自评、睡眠质量关系研究*

通过广州市居民的随机调查研究,对不同性别的受调查者健康自评、睡眠质量、锻炼等生活方式进行对比分析,以及健康自评、睡眠质量与居民锻炼等生活方式的逻辑回归模型进行研究。结果发现,广州市男性居民的睡眠质量要稍好于女性,广州市男性居民运动锻炼习惯也好于女性,但在烟酒等不良生活习惯上,女性好于男性。经逻辑回归分析表明运动锻炼、科学饮食具有与抽烟、饮酒对主观健康感与睡眠质量同等重要的影响度。这为启发和引导人们形成健康生活方式提供了参考依据。     

Clinical assessment and polysomnographic study of sleep apnea in a Chinese population of snorers

Background and objectives: While an increasing number of people who snore are seeking medical consultations, the clinical characteristics of snorers are rarely reported. The aim of this study is to characterize the clinical and polysomnographic features in a population of snorers. Methods: A total of 490 subjects were examined retrospectively. The clinical history, Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS) scores, physical examination, and full-night polysomnography (PSG) data were obtained for all the subjects. The correlations between the neck circumference, waist circumference, ESS scores, body mass index (BMI), and apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) patients were explored. The gender and age differences in OSA patients were analyzed. Results: OSA was diagnosed in 84.7% of the sample, with 21.2% of the patients having a mild form, 15.4% having a moderate form, and 63.4% having a severe form of OSA. The ESS scores, neck circumference, waist circumference, and BMI were positively correlated with AHI in OSA patients. The ESS scores and BMI were negatively correlated with nadir oxygen saturation (SaO₂). A greater number of men than women exhibited moderate to severe forms of the disease. OSA affects the work of males more commonly compared with females. Nocturia was a more common complaint in elderly OSA patients. Heart diseases coexisted more frequently with OSA in elderly patients. Conclusions: In a population of snorers, OSA is the most common condition identified. The ESS scores and BMI were well correlated with the severity of the disease. Men had a more severe form of OSA than women. Nocturia frequently occurred in elderly OSA patients, as did the coexistence of heart disease.     

云南民族高校大学生睡眠质量现状调查

采用匹兹堡睡眠质量指数（PSQI）量表对云南民族高校大学生进行随机调查,了解其睡眠质量现状,结果显示：大学生PSQI总分为5.69±2.90,其中汉族大学生PSQI总分为5.42±2.676,少数民族大学生为6.05±3.149;睡眠质量问题发生率为24.5%,其中汉族大学生为18.9%,少数民族大学生为31.8%;男女生PSQI总分差异无统计学意义（P〉0.05）;不同专业大学生PSQI总分差异有统计学意义（P〈0.05）,理工类大学生睡眠质量较差,体育类大学生睡眠质量较好.说明云南民族高校大学生总体睡眠质量一般,亟待提高,睡眠质量问题发生率较高,少数民族大学生尤为突出,为此,提出的对策措施是：增强民族大学生的睡眠卫生意识,多参与体育锻炼,优化宿舍环境.