有氧运动对睡眠质量影响的调查分析

运用问卷调查法、数理统计法,调查、评价、分析56名高校教师有氧运动前后的情绪焦虑和睡眠质量情况.结果表明,进行有氧运动后的匹兹堡睡眠质量指数明显小于运动前(P＜0.05);进行有氧运动后高校教师的焦虑自评量表标准分均值明显小于运动前(P＜0.05).结论:有氧运动可有效缓解心理压力和焦虑情绪,调理睡眠、改善睡眠质量,是一种安全可行、积极有效的方法.     

Gender difference in the effect of daytime sleep on declarative memory for pictures

Objective: To investigate gender difference in the effects of daytime sleep on item and source memories, which are dissociable elements of declarative memory, and the effects of sleep on recollection and familiarity, which are two processes underlying recognition. Methods: Participants saw a series of pictures with either blue or red background, and were then given a pretest for item and source memories. Then males and females respectively were randomly assigned either to a wake or a sleep condition. In the wake condition, participants remained awake until the posttest; in the sleep condition, participants slept for 1 h until awakened and asked to remain awake until the posttest. Results: Daytime sleep contributed to retention of source memory rather than item memory in females, whereas males undergoing daytime sleep had a trend towards increased familiarity. For females, however, neither recollection nor familiarity appeared to be influenced by daytime sleep. Conclusion: The mechanism underlying gender difference may be linked with different memory traces resulting from different encoding strategies, as well as with different electrophysiological changes during daytime sleep.     

A 12-month prospective cohort study of symptoms of common mental disorders among professional rugby players

The primary aims were to determine the 12-month incidence (and comorbidity) of symptoms of common mental disorders (CMD) among male professional rugby players and to explore their association with potential stressors. A secondary aim was to explore the view of male professional rugby players about the consequences of symptoms of CMD and related medical support/needs. An observational prospective cohort study with three measurements over a 12-month period was conducted among male professional rugby players from several countries. Symptoms of CMD (distress, anxiety/depression, sleep disturbance, eating disorders and adverse alcohol use) and stressors (adverse life events, rugby career dissatisfaction) were assessed through validated questionnaires. A total of 595 players (mean age of 26 years; mean career duration of 6 years) were enrolled, of which 333 completed the follow-up period. The incidence of symptoms of CMD were: 11% for distress, 28% for anxiety/depression, 12% for sleep disturbance, 11% for eating disorders and 22% for adverse alcohol use (13% for two simultaneous symptoms of CMD). Professional rugby players reporting recent adverse life events or career dissatisfaction were more likely to report symptoms of CMD but statistically significant associations were not found. Around 95% of the participants stated that symptoms of CMD can negatively influence rugby performances, while 46% mentioned that specific support measures for players were not available in professional rugby. Supportive and preventive measures directed towards symptoms of CMD should be developed to improve not only awareness and psychological resilience of rugby players but also their rugby performance and quality-of-life.     

Recommendations to maintain immune health in athletes

Numerous studies over the last 35 years report an increase in upper respiratory infection (URI) symptoms in athletes during periods of heavy training and competition. Challenges athletes face such as heavy exercise and life stress influence immune function via activation of the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal axis and the sympathetic nervous system and the resulting immunoregulatory hormones. Both innate and acquired immunity are often reported to decrease transiently in the hours after heavy exertion, typically 15–70%: prolonged heavy training sessions in particular have been shown to decrease immune function; potentially providing an ‘open window’ for opportunistic infections. Whether the observed changes in immunity with acute strenuous exercise or periods of heavy training account for the increased susceptibility to URI symptoms remains contentious. Nevertheless, there is little doubt that URI symptoms hinder athletic training and competition; underpinning the need to identify the prominent risk factors and appropriate countermeasures. Recent studies have identified prominent risk factors, including: intensified training in the winter; long-haul travel; low energy availability; high levels of psychological stress and anxiety; and depression. Given the shared pathways and effector limbs for the body’s response to physical and psychological challenges, it is logical that psychological strain influences immunity and illness incidence in athletes under heavy training; indeed, stress and anxiety have recently been shown to modify the immune response to exercise. This mini-review provides new insights and evidence-based recommendations for coping with the various challenges that athletes encounter on immune health, including: heavy exercise; life stress; sleep disruption; environmental extremes and nutritional deficits.     

A review of interventions for adolescents with insomnia and the role of the educational and child psychologist: when sleep does not come easily

The role of an educational and child psychologist involves the promotion of mental health and wellbeing. While adolescents who have insomnia are usually referred to Primary Healthcare services, it might be argued that insomnia can be seen as a barometer of psychological wellbeing and should warrant a psychological intervention. A search of PSYCHINFO and Medline revealed that interventions carried out thus far with adolescents who have difficulty initiating and/or maintaining quality sleep include Sleep Hygiene and Sleep Education, Cognitive Behavioural and Multi Component interventions. In this review it will be posited that using multi-modal approaches which are tailored to specific needs may have the most positive outcomes in the treatment of insomnia, by helping adolescents to develop a sense of self-efficacy and emotional regulation in the context of family and peer support. Educational and child psychologists are ideally placed to offer this type of input to adolescents with insomnia.     

偏义复词“睡觉”意义的嬗变

“睡觉”一词具有“睡醒”和“进入睡眠状态”两个义位。本文通过计量统计分析,发现两个义位都在隋唐五代产生,且两个义位都是偏义的,“睡觉”的“睡醒”义偏向词素“觉”,“进入睡眠状态”义则偏向词素“睡”。“睡觉”的两个义位在隋唐五代、宋辽金、元、明、清等五个时期出现的频率不等,“睡觉”的“睡醒”义相应地呈现出起伏不定的下降趋势,而“睡觉”的“进入睡眠状态”义则呈现出明显的上升趋势。加之,“睡醒”一词出现频率的增加,致使“睡觉”一词只保留“进入睡眠状态”的意义。     

《茅屋为秋风所破歌》异说集解

本文对杜甫的名作《茅屋为秋风所破歌》中所存在的多种阐释异说进行了总结,分析了“比兴寄托说”和“人民性问题”的历史渊源,讨论了此诗与《楠树为风雨所拔叹》的创作时间问题,特别对于“三重茅”、“南村群童”、“为盗贼”、“寒士”、“恶卧”等语进行了综合辨析,分别提出了自己的看法。     

大学生睡眠早餐和早锻炼意向的调查

通过对嘉应大学学生睡眠、早餐和早锻炼意向的调查,发现62％当代大学生对时间的价值有较高的认识水平;其中可望对早上闲暇时间具有全部支配权的人占61％;73％的人倾向于晚上11:00—12:00之间就寝;而晚上10:30之前就寝的人仅占被调查对象总数的5％;88％的人每天睡眠时间少于8h;86％的人早餐消费在2元以内,55％的人每星期有2d或2d以上不用早餐;同意5—15min锻炼的人占75％;采取跑步和散步的人占56％;从事球类运动的人占43％。通过上述数据构成现代大学生的人体模型,这些人思想活跃有比较强的时间价值观;有比较明显的自我意识,一方面渴望自己管理和安排自己的生活,另一方面又缺少必要的自控能力和营养健康知识;他们多数缺乏营养,睡眠不足,缺少足够的体能和精力。     

24 h Accelerometry: impact of sleep-screening methods on estimates of sedentary behaviour and physical activity while awake

Although accelerometers can assess sleep and activity over 24 h, sleep data must be removed before physical activity and sedentary time can be examined appropriately. We compared the effect of 6 different sleep-scoring rules on physical activity and sedentary time. Activity and sleep were obtained by accelerometry (ActiGraph GT3X) over 7 days in 291 children (51.3% overweight or obese) aged 4–8.9 years. Three methods removed sleep using individualised time filters and two methods applied standard time filters to remove sleep each day (9 pm–6 am, 12 am–6 am). The final method did not remove sleep but simply defined non-wear as at least 60 min of consecutive zeros over the 24-h period. Different methods of removing sleep from 24-h data markedly affect estimates of sedentary time, yielding values ranging from 556 to 1145 min/day. Estimates of non-wear time (33–193 min), wear time (736–1337 min) and counts per minute (384–658) also showed considerable variation. By contrast, estimates of moderate-to-vigorous activity (MVPA) were similar, varying by less than 1 min/day. Different scoring methods to remove sleep from 24-h accelerometry data do not affect measures of MVPA, whereas estimates of counts per minute and sedentary time depend considerably on which technique is used.     

运动对改善大学生睡眠的探析

通过对部分大学生的调查研究,对比运动前后的睡眠评价和结果,结果显示：规律运动可影响生物周期节律,这种影响与光线对睡眠的影响一样强烈,运动对睡眠帮助最大。