Gender difference in the effect of daytime sleep on declarative memory for pictures

Objective: To investigate gender difference in the effects of daytime sleep on item and source memories, which are dissociable elements of declarative memory, and the effects of sleep on recollection and familiarity, which are two processes underlying recognition. Methods: Participants saw a series of pictures with either blue or red background, and were then given a pretest for item and source memories. Then males and females respectively were randomly assigned either to a wake or a sleep condition. In the wake condition, participants remained awake until the posttest; in the sleep condition, participants slept for 1 h until awakened and asked to remain awake until the posttest. Results: Daytime sleep contributed to retention of source memory rather than item memory in females, whereas males undergoing daytime sleep had a trend towards increased familiarity. For females, however, neither recollection nor familiarity appeared to be influenced by daytime sleep. Conclusion: The mechanism underlying gender difference may be linked with different memory traces resulting from different encoding strategies, as well as with different electrophysiological changes during daytime sleep.     

Lower-body compression garments worn following exercise improves perceived recovery but not subsequent performance in basketball athletes

ABSTRACT

This study examined the effects of lower-body compression garments on perceived recovery and subsequent performance in basketball athletes. In a parallel-group design, 30 recreational, male basketball athletes were randomly allocated to either a control (CON, n = 15, loose-fitting clothing) or experimental group (COMP, n = 15, compression garments) for 15 h following fatigue-inducing, basketball-specific exercise in the evening (1600-1800 h). Perceptual measures of fatigue and muscle soreness, as well as physical performance tests (sprints, jumps and agility), were performed pre-exercise, post-exercise, and post-recovery (15 h following exercise). Subjective and objective measures of sleep were recorded following the exercise trial. There were non-significant (p > 0.05), unclear-trivial differences between groups for all performance measures. Perceived post-recovery fatigue (d = ?1.27, large) and muscle soreness (d = ?1.61, large) were significantly lower in COMP compared to CON (p < 0.05). COMP exhibited better perceived sleep quality (d = 0.42, small, p = 0.18) than CON, with an unclear difference in sleep duration between groups (p > 0.05). Wearing lower-body compression garments overnight improved perceived fatigue and muscle soreness, but had negligible effects on subsequent physical performance in basketball athletes. Future research should focus on longer periods of compression wear following fatiguing exercise.     

"空竹"运动对老年人情绪、睡眠健康的影响

研究民族传统项目“抖空竹”对老年人心理与睡眠健康的影响,通过对参加空竹运动前后的6 0名老年人睡眠质量及情绪进行调查分析。结果显示,参加“空竹”运动后的老年人匹兹堡睡眠质量指数与运动前相比有显著性差异(P <0 .0 5 ) ;焦虑和抑郁分值显著小于运动前,且有非常显著性变化(P <0 .0 1)。由此表明,“空竹”运动能有效地改善老年人焦虑和抑郁症状,起到改善和提高老年人睡眠质量的效果,并对老年人的心理健康起到积极的作用。     

高中生睡眠时间与高学业成绩的理想匹配模式探究及预警

在对我国S省高中学校进行抽样调查的基础上,本研究利用统计分析等量化研究方法探究睡眠时间和高学业成绩的理想匹配模式,并对牺牲学生睡眠追求高成绩的学校建立了多层次预警机制。研究结果显示:"睡眠时间在八小时及以上时,学生成绩最高",这是学校保证学生身心健康发展、构建良好教育环境的理想匹配模式。教师、学校、教育管理者以及家长应持正确的教育价值观,全面综合地看待学生睡眠时间与学业成绩的关系,对于牺牲学生睡眠时间、盲目追求高成绩的学校,应建立多层级的预警机制,并监督其整改。     

Prevalence of sleep disorders and sleep problems in an elite super rugby union team

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of sleep disorders in an elite rugby union team using in-laboratory polysomnography (PSG) and sleep questionnaires. Twenty-five elite rugby union players underwent a night of PSG during the “off-season” of the Super Rugby competition to assess their sleep. Of interest were measurements that detected the presence of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA; apnea-hypopnea index ≥5 events/hr) and the presence of moderate-severe periodic leg movements during sleep (PLMs; ≥15 events/hr). Players completed sleep-related questionnaires to assess daytime sleepiness, perception of insomnia, risk of OSA, and the presence of restless legs syndrome (RLS) and underwent basic anthropometric assessments including body mass index and neck circumference. OSA was present in 24% (n=6) of players and PLMs ≥15 events/hr in 12% (n=3). Questionnaire responses showed that all players had insomnia defined subthreshold insomnia and excessive daytime sleepiness, two players were identified as being at risk for OSA and none were classified as having RLS. In conclusion, sleep disorders and excessive sleepiness are common in elite rugby union players. A process to identify and manage sleep disorders should be considered by teams to optimise their physical recovery, athletic performance and to safeguard their health.     

Get sleep or get stumped: sleep behaviour in elite South African cricket players during competition

ABSTRACT

Despite evidence supporting the positive affect sleep has on sport performance, there is limited application of sleep research in cricket. This study investigated the sleep behaviours of 26 elite South African cricket players (28.6 ± 4.0 years) during home and away competition. Players completed an altered version of the Core Consensus Sleep Diary every morning post-travel, pre-match and post-match. Linear mixed model regression was used to compare differences in sleep between time-periods, venues and formats. Spearman’s correlations (r_s) assessed the relationship of match performance and sleep. Post-match total sleep time (06:31 ± 01:09) was significantly (p < 0.05) shorter compared to post-travel (07:53 ± 01:07; g = 1.19) and pre-match (08:43 ± 01:03; g = 1.98). Post-travel sleep onset latency and sleep efficiency were significantly shorter (?20; g = 1.35) and higher (+10.4%; g = 0.74) at home than away respectively. Longer sleep onset latencies and shorter total sleep times were significantly associated with poorer One-Day International (r_s = ?0.57) and Test (r_s = 0.59) batting performances respectively. The poor post-match sleep behaviour, and the sleep and performance correlations, provide motive for future interventions to focus on recovery and the use of sleep monitoring as a competitive advantage.     

辽宁省成年人工作与睡眠时间对体质影响的研究

采用问卷调查法、数理统计法,探讨了辽宁省成年人工作与睡眠时间对体质的影响,旨在为人们更好地生活提供依据。     

身体活动量与睡眠品质的相关性研究

目的在了解不同的个人属性对身体活动量及睡眠品质的影响,并探讨身体活动量与睡眠品质的现状及其相关性。对浙江省高校教师采用多阶段分层随机抽样,研究工具是采用结构式问卷,以自填问卷方式收集资料,有效样本共计367名,所得资料以两组样本t检验、卡方检验、单因子变异数分析等统计方法进行分析。研究结果表明:高校教师身体活动量不足者占65.94%;不同性别的睡眠品质无差异;不同年龄、教育程度、婚姻状况、自觉压力状况、自觉健康状况及健康比较方面的睡眠品质显著差异;不同的身体活动量对整体睡眠品质无显著差异,对睡眠品质各构成因素方面,个人主观睡眼品质及白天功能障碍有显著差异。     

快速眼球运动睡眠剥夺对记忆和突触可塑性的影响及其分子机制的研究进展

睡眠不足是快节奏的现代社会人们需要面对的越来越严重的问题之一,而长期的睡眠不足又会导致认知功能障碍。睡眠剥夺会影响实验动物的学习记忆能力已得到广泛认可。本文回顾总结了近些年有关快速眼球运动睡眠剥夺对记忆和突触可塑性的影响及其分子机制的研究新进展,以期为相关治疗靶点和治疗药物的研究提供理论支持和启发。