酸枣仁皂甙的镇静作用研究

酸枣仁皂忒（JBSD）20mg/kg,40mg/kg可明显抑制小鼠的自发活动,延长异戊巴比妥钠对小鼠的睡眠时间,对阈下催眠剂的异戊巴比妥钠有协同作用,显著降低戊四氮引起的惊厥率.实验证明了酸枣仁皂甙对中枢神经系统的镇静作用.     

Mathcad用于热分解动力学模型参数的优化

利用数学工具软件Mathcad2001,对4Na2SO4·2H2O2·NaCl加合物的热分解动力学方程模型中的参数进行优化,得到了其热分解动力学方程式,优化的结果能准确地模拟4Na2SO4·2H2O2·NaCl的实际分解过程.Mathcad的使用大大减少了计算工作量.对于其它物质的热分解过程、非均相及均相体系反应的动力学方程式参数都可用Mathcad2001工具软件进行优化.     

Inhibitory effects of jujuboside A on EEG and hippocampal glutamate in hyperactive rat

In this study, the inhibitory effect ofjujuboside A (JuA) on a penicillin sodium (Na-PCN) induced hyperactivity model was investigated. Cortical EEG (electroencephalogram) and the concentration of hippocampal Glutamate (Glu) were monitored simultaneously in vivo as indicators of rat's excitatory state. Power spectral density (PSD) and gravity frequency of PSD were calculated. JuA (0.05 g/L and 0.1 g/L) inhibited the EEG excitation effect caused by Na-PCN by increasing the power of δ1 and δ2bands (P＜0.01 vs model) and lowering the gravity frequency of PSD (P＜0.01 vs model). JuA also remarkably reduced the Glu elevation induced by Na-PCN (P＜0.05 vs model). Diazepam also depressed Glu concentration and lowered the gravity frequency,but it showed a different EEG pattern in increased β2-activity (P＜0.01 vs model). EEG excitation caused by Na-PCN correlated with Glu elevation during the first hour. Neurophysiological inhibitory effects of JuA and diazepam were more persistent than their Glu inhibitoty effects.     

氨基磺酸法合成十二烷基硫酸钠综合实验

十二烷基硫酸钠是阴离子硫酸酯类表面活性剂的典型代表,具有广泛的用途。十二烷基硫酸钠的合成制备是常见的化工专业实验,但存在合成时间长、产率低、产品稳定性差的缺点。该文对氨基磺酸法合成十二烷基硫酸钠专业实验进行了研究,在保证产率的基础上有效缩短了实验时间,并结合产品的提纯、分析和表征提高实验的综合性。     

硫酸氢钠催化合成丁酸丁酯

以硫酸氢钠为催化剂催化正丁酸和正丁醇进行酯化反应合成了丁酸丁酯 ,讨论了反应时间、催化剂用量、酸醇摩尔比等因素对酯化率的影响 ,确定了最佳反应条件 :酸醇摩尔比 1∶1 1,催化剂用量 0 1g ,反应时间6 0min ,反应温度 12 0～ 14 0℃ ,酯化率达 98 8% .     

The Promise of Andragogy and Experimental Learning to Improve Teaching of Nutrition Concepts to Culinary Arts Students

This randomized controlled trial compared the effectiveness of traditional lecture (C), face‐to‐face demonstration (DP), on‐line lecture capture (OP), and the combination of the last two (OP+DP) to enhance culinary arts students' application skills related to sodium usage in food preparation. Objectives were to compare relative effectiveness of the four instructional methods with respect to knowledge about dietary sodium, ease of use of sodium reduction techniques, strategies to reduce sodium and attitudes about use of dietary sodium in cooking; and to compare student satisfaction with the instructional methods. A convenience sample of n = 139 students was randomized to receive the C, DP, OP, or OP+DP intervention. To measure effectiveness of each instructional method, a nutrition survey was administered as a pre‐test, post‐test, and an eight‐week follow‐up. There was no statistically significant difference in performance between DP, OP, and OP+DP groups on each subscale. However, each of these methods performed significantly better than the control group (C). DP, OP, and OP+DP methods were superior to the control group (C). In general, OP+DP resulted in the largest effect sizes, suggesting that this intervention was possibly more effective as compared to the OP or DP. Future culinarians can benefit from learning about health‐conscious sodium reduction cooking practices as seen in the nutrition education sector to improve population health.     

硫酸氢钠催化合成β-萘甲醚

硫酸氢钠能够代替硫酸作为醚化催化剂 .在一水硫酸氢钠存在下 ,由 β -萘酚和甲醇合成了 β -萘甲醚 .研究了反应的影响因素和催化剂的重复使用性能 ,当 β-萘酚、甲醇和硫酸氢钠的物质的量比为 1:4 :0 .2 9,回流反应 14h ,醚收率达 93.7% .     

Dehydration and sodium deficit during indoor practice in elite European male team players

Abstract

Aspects of team players' performance are negatively affected when ~ 2% body mass is lost by perspiration. Although such dehydration is likely reached during summer practice in outdoors sports, it is unclear if such dehydration is achieved during the practice of indoor sports. We assessed the fluid and electrolyte deficits of elite team players during practice for the following indoor sports: indoor soccer (n=9), basketball (n=11), volleyball (n=10), and handball (n=13). Morning hydration status was estimated by measuring urine specific gravity. Sweat rate was calculated from body mass changes and fluid intake. Sweat sodium concentration from the forearm was used to estimate whole-body sodium losses. Over 91% of the players were moderately hypohydrated (urine specific gravity>1.020) at waking 3 h before practice. Indoor soccer players sweated at a higher rate (1.8 litres · h^?1) than volleyball and handball players (1.2 and 1.1 litres · h^?1, respectively; P<0.05), whereas sweat rate was not different between basketball players (1.5 litres · h^?1) and the other team sport players (P>0.05). In average, 62±13% of sweat losses were replaced and teams' body mass loss did not exceed 1.2±0.3%. Sodium losses were similar among teams, averaging 1.2±0.2 g. The exercise fluid replacement habits of professional indoor team players are adequate to prevent 2% dehydration. However, most players could benefit from increasing fluid intake between workouts to offset the high prevalence of morning hypohydration.     

过饱和铝酸钠溶液种分过程的研究

对过饱和铝酸钠溶液种分过程进行了实验研究。研究以不同添加剂对铝酸钠溶液分解率的影响规律。结果表明:在相同实验条件下,阴离子表面活性剂A、B可使分解率提高3%左右;非离子表面活性剂C、D可使分解率提高2%～8%左右。当阴离子表面活性剂E添加量为140mg/L时,分解率可提高5%左右;当非离子表面活性剂F添加量为3.57mg/L时,分解率提高18%左右。     

电解锡阳极泥中硫酸根脱除的方法

文章考察了电解锡阳极泥中硫酸根的脱除方法,在试验中选择洗涤的试剂碳酸钠,并对洗涤的终点进行了确定。