A social relations analysis of participation in small groups

Two approaches to explaining the relation between interaction and participator judgments in small groups are examined. The first, expectations states theory, suggests that participator judgments are consistent across raters for a given target, and that such ratings are a function of the heuristic processing of social information. The second approach, the local management model, assumes more thoughtful processing of members' behaviors, leading to uniqueness in how perceivers evaluate targets as participators. A social relations analysis of participator assessments in same- and mixed-sex groups revealed consensus in participator judgments; uniqueness also played a role in how members perceived each other as useful participators. In addition, consensus was correlated with participation, but not with sex. The discussion addresses the necessity and sufficiency of each model as well as the conditions under which each model would better fit the data.     

对话式脚手架：一种新的学习策略

随着网络教育平台的不断涌现和蓬勃发展,基于对话的教学方式代表着未来教育和人类学习的一种发展演进方向。脚手架可以为学习者提供各种结构化和系统化的帮助与支持,其目的是促进学习者更好地掌握相关领域的知识和解决问题的技能。对话式脚手架是对话的本质特征和脚手架的关键特征的交集,是二者的有机融合,它给学习者建构知识提供了概念框架。作为一种新的学习策略,对话式脚手架需要创设对话环境、实现对话主体话语权力的平等以及掌握对话策略与技巧等。     

Communication Ethics and Ethical Culture: A Study of the Ethics Initiative in Denver City Government

This article examines the work of the ethics initiative in the City of Denver to see how talk about ethics contributes to an ethical culture. By paying particular attention to the communication in the city's Code of Ethics, ethics training discussion, employee interviews, and formal documents relaying the Board of Ethics’ views, we show how ethics emerges within communication. We argue that the emergent quality of ethics is dialogically refined in communication. For practitioners and officials interested in advancing organization-wide ethics training, we urge pursuing dialogical means so that people can negotiate among competing interests to shape future policy and action reflective of their ethical concerns.     

The role of friendships in shy students’ dialogue patterns during small group discussions

Students are often concerned about social relationships when negotiating ideas with peers. The issue may be especially salient for shy students, whose behavioral solitude is associated with their inner conflicts – longing for social connections but are overly anxious about peer evaluations. This study examined the associations between shyness and students’ dialogue patterns (interactive, constructive, active, passive) during small group discussions and the moderating role of friendships in shy students’ dialogue patterns. A total of 60 small group discussions (5949 speaking turns) generated by 120 fifth-graders (Range_age = 9–10) were examined for turn-by-turn dialogue patterns and their associations with speaker and addressee characteristics. Results of exponential random graph models showed that students with a greater degree of shyness were less likely to initiate interactive dialogues and less likely to receive any dialogues from others. However, friendships with group members were found to buffer against the negative effects of shyness on various forms of dialogue patterns between dyads.     

面对一扇烛光闪烁的关闭窗户--比较《白象似的群山》和《纸做的玫瑰花》的叙事艺术

加西亚.马尔克斯是一位博采众长的艺术大师,他的早期创作深受卡夫卡、海明威、福克纳等的影响,对此了解的人不多.我们通过《白象似的群山》和《纸做的玫瑰》的比较研究,来透视他的这一特点。     

巴赫金交往思想研究综述

超语言学、对话和狂欢化思想是巴赫金交往思想的核心,他通过上述思想的研究确证了人是一种语言交往的存在,并以追求人类自由平等的狂欢化社会为最终目的。他的交往思想受到了研究者们的关注,研究者分别从对话、语言哲学和狂欢化思想等方面对巴赫金的交往思想进行阐述和研究。     

Social Dominance Orientation: A root of resistance to intercultural dialogue?

Intercultural dialogue is a process central to creating a just social world. Despite this, people are often prejudiced against it. In order to better understand the nature of this antagonism, the present research investigated the role of Social Dominance Orientation as one potential source of resistance. Across three studies, the direct and mediated impact of SDO on both self-reported and behaviorally-indicated dialogic engagement was assessed. Results provide evidence that increasing levels of SDO encourage ideological beliefs and social evaluations that, in turn, prejudice participants against dialogue with an African-American woman. The significance of these results is discussed, along with suggestions for future research.     

对话教学与教学对话的辨析

对话教学是一种教学理念,是教育者与受教育者以语言等符号为中介而进行的精神上的交流、理解和沟通,它以尊重师生双方的主体性、培养师生生成性思维和创造性品质、追求生命意义为特征;而教学对话则是作为一种教学手段与方法而出现的。厘清二者的区别与联系,有利于课程改革的顺利进行。     

日本近代几位禅师法演观评述

众所周知,宋代禅门五家最盛者乃临济宗,临济宗在石霜楚圆以后又分化为杨岐、黄龙二支分头并进。杨岐派宗风劲健,三传至五祖法演更能充分展示自己的生命力。一般说来,五祖法演对宗门的意义在于能结合自己的时代背景,自觉反思、对话、总结禅门各家先贤的优点,淡化门派壁垒,开启了＂看话禅＂的新势头,从而能与＂默照禅＂一起,共同构成禅在宋代发展变化的新格局。法演以＂看话＂所传递临济的精髓,一直是他之后历代禅学追随者考论、感悟临济乃至体证禅之真精神的坐标之一。二十世纪以来,日本几位禅学家对之均表现出广泛的兴致和深刻的描述。