国外基于网络学习的社会交互研究透视

网络学习需要社会交互,其交互的特点与面对面交互相比较,具有不同的思维与语言特征。交互过程的研究和与面对面交往比较的研究构成了国外网络学习社会交互研究的特点。     

The potential role of citizen conservation in re-shaping approaches to murals in an urban context

Public visual spaces, populated by a blend of community murals, unauthorised street art, and historic painted mercantile signs, are often the mark of an urban environment that is both progressive and eclectic. Changes in the aesthetic and cultural value of these urban mural forms have led to an increase in the appreciation and, in some instances, promotion of their artistic merit and cultural significance as examples of public art. However, examining the significance of these works, with a view to implementing a conservation approach is problematic. This is due to a number of practical and theoretical considerations that are primarily a result of the ephemeral existence of urban murals outside conventional exhibition spaces, and issues associated with their often fragmented ownership and uncertain authorship. Consequently, larger thinking on the interpretation, conservation assessment, and advocacy for the conservation of urban murals are required. Key to defining and implementing such strategies is contextualising the public visual spaces that these murals occupy and, as part of this, the local and wider communities’ perception of these murals as culturally significant objects as well as fostering awareness and understanding of appropriate measures aimed at their conservation. This paper examines the role of citizen science, or crowd-sourcing, of local community members in establishing a conservation dialogue and generating conservation- relevant data on urban murals. It looks specifically at a project involving a collection of in situ historic painted mercantile signs — also known as ghost signs — in the City of Port Phillip, Melbourne, Australia. The project fostered the establishment of an informed and open dialogue between conservation specialists and participants from the local community on the significance of local ghost signs whilst transferring knowledge on conservation processes and assessment methods. Working directly with community members, a programme was designed in which conservation and community knowledge of these urban art forms, could be collected and exchanged across digital platforms. This enabled researchers to examine how citizen science can be utilised as a research tool as well as a means to advocate for the conservation of collections of urban murals. It created the opportunity to consider the role of non-specialists and shared authorities in the collection and collation of conservation- relevant data and how information generated from what we call citizen conservation projects, can inform the way in which conservators evaluate and prioritize the conservation of urban cultural heritage. The data gathered and interpreted proved to be the most effective means of ‘conserving’ these often ephemeral forms of cultural material.     

The future is not what it used to be: Changing views on contemporary color photography

Attitudes and approaches toward the collection, use, and care of color photographs have evolved enormously since the official arrival of commercially viable color photographic processes in the early twentieth century. This article traces the evolution of collection, exhibition, and preservation practices for works of art in color photography over the last few decades, as represented by one institution, The Metropolitan Museum of Art.     

数字人文研究演化路径与热点领域分析

数字人文是计算机学科和人文学科交叉研究的一个新领域,由计算人文和人文计算领域发展而来。本文以Web of Science核心数据集为来源,运用文献计量方法,结合可视化分析工具,对数字人文研究文献进行统计分析和内容挖掘,分析数字人文研究的前沿和热点领域,明确演化路径和发展趋势。①数字人文研究的热点领域有:数字人文的基本理论,技术驱动下的人文学术实践转向,新合作模式引发的人文学术文化变革,以及面向数字人文研究的基础设施建设;②数字人文研究的内涵更具兼容性,应强调计算转向,考虑重构人文知识的脉络与内容,构建当代知识系统及认知方式;③图书馆学的理论、方法及实践与数字人文研究形成协同发展趋势;④从技术应用和数据基础的角度看,图书馆学是数字人文产生的基础学科,也将是数字人文成果的主要应用学科之一。我国图书馆界应以融合的视角审视数字人文与图书馆发展的关系,进行数字人文的理论研究与实践探索。图10。表1。参考文献54。     

面向数字人文研究的大规模古籍文本可视化分析与挖掘

传统的古籍开发与应用模式已难以适应人文学科研究的需要,人文学科研究者期待一个技术逻辑和人文逻辑相耦合的数字人文研究范式的出现。本文从古籍文献深层次开发与利用出发,利用新的信息技术与面向数字人文研究跨学科方法,以大规模中国古籍文本为研究对象,采用大数据研究理念,对古籍进行整理、标注、自动分词等处理,以词频分析统计为研究核心,采用数据降噪、基于窗口时间单位的统计分析计算、滑动窗口预测等分析与挖掘方法,采用大数据实时分析技术,实现了实时、在线、立体、可视化、定量分析字词的历史词频分布规律,创建了一个以语言学、历史文献学、历史地理学等人文学科研究为主的古籍实时统计分析平台,可辅助研究者在大量的古籍文献中发现新的模式、现象、趋势等,实现古籍开发与应用模式创新的初步尝试。图11。参考文献36。     

用单片微机8051设计的防盗报警系统

利用单片微机8051设计的防盗报警系统,包括硬件设计和软件设计两部分。该系统可用于宾馆、仓库等,它 能对受监测点进行自动监测,一旦出现盗情,能立即报警,并指示被盗的地点。     

台湾地区数字出版产业内容与服务创新研究

经过技术驱动、渠道与平台驱动的发展阶段,基于优质内容资源的创新服务在数字出版产业中的重要性日益凸显。信息技术、网络技术、数字技术为代表的技术革命背景下,台湾数字出版内容从“生产—分发—消费—反馈”等环节全面发生转变：交互式的内容呈现形态、内容产品的多介质延伸、基于社会化媒体的内容生成与传播机制,以及优质内容资源的服务盈利模式。     

图书馆电子信息服务中的数字版权问题

分析了图书馆信息传播与数字版权保护之间的矛盾问题,概括介绍了现有的版权法对于图书馆中的数字版权问题的立场,并对如何处理好图书馆的数字版权问题提出了几点看法.     

基于学习共同体的中小学生学习心理机制及有效教学策略

学习共同体的学习方式有别于传统的教师主讲式的课堂授课形式。学习共同体特别强调"师-生"之间,"生-生"之间缔结一个相互联系、相互制约、彼此促进的共同体来完成学生的学习活动。基于学习共同体的中小学生学习心理机制是一种主动建构、信息加工的过程,即:"1.输入信息、注意保持、认知观念;2.加工信息、内化知识、建构系统;3.改组经验、解决问题、生成能力"。学习共同体旨在教师引导下,让学生通过自主探究、小组讨论、合作分享、获得知识、生成能力。教师实施有效的教学策略,充分发挥学习共同体的功能,会促进培养中小学生的核心素养,提升学生分析问题解决问题能力。     

Special educational needs in mainstream secondary school physical education: learning support assistants have their say

Learning support assistants (LSAs) gained more political and academic attention in Britain after Estelle Morris announced that schools of the future would include more trained staff to support learning to higher standards. LSAs, thus, should form an integral part of the culture of all school departments in Britain, including physical education (PE). The paper uses Antonio Gramsci's concept of hegemony to explore the processes and practices that shape the views and experiences of LSAs and ultimately the extent to which they facilitate an inclusive culture in PE. A web survey gathered the views and experiences of LSAs vis-à-vis the inclusion of pupils with special educational needs (SEN) in mainstream secondary school PE in North-West England. A modified version of the tailored design method participant contact strategy resulted in 343 LSAs starting the web survey, with 154 (45%) following it through to completion. All quantitative data were analysed using Microsoft Excel whilst qualitative data were subjected to thematic analysis. This entailed the identification of recurring themes and patterns present in the data. The findings highlight the hegemonic status of English, maths and science when it comes to the allocation of SEN resources, which most LSAs support and often reinforce. PE is particularly disadvantaged in this hierarchy of subject priority. The majority of LSAs have not received PE-specific training, which brings into question their ability to facilitate inclusion in PE. Moreover, many schools do not appear to value the involvement of LSAs in the planning of differentiated lessons, which could have a negative impact on the PE experiences of some pupils with SEN given that LSAs are perhaps most aware of the specific learning needs of the pupils they support.