Comparing face-to-face and asynchronous online communication as mechanisms for critical reflective dialogue

Two mechanisms for engaging in critical reflective dialogue are discussed and compared: face-to-face meetings and asynchronous online discussion. The context is an umbrella action research project, with over 20 participants, which aimed to improve practices in online teaching and contribute to the development of graduate attributes. The article compares discussion using the two modes (face-to-face and online) of the nature of and development of problem-solving and other graduate attributes. Face-to-face discussion was wide ranging and quite loosely structured, so divergent aspects of a topic were uncovered. The asynchronous nature of online discussion, however, permitted topics to be explored more thoroughly. The two modes worked well in conjunction with one another, if aspects of face-to-face discussion topics were posted online as discussion threads. The asynchronous online discussions then allowed each thread to be explored in depth, so that collective understanding of a given topic could be enhanced.     

美术形态的变迁与当代批评话语

在消费时代,美术作为一种文化的形态,它的传统文化价值正在被由消费主导的大众文化所解构,呈现出精英文化的失语和批评话语的危机。从文化的视野来研究美术形态的变迁和不断建构与解构的现代文艺批评理论,去揭示一条重构当代美术学语境的途径。     

守正与超越:教育技术学的边界与跨界

学科边界是学科的重要属性,教育技术学需要守正自身边界。教育技术学是教育技术的理论抽象,认识教育技术学的边界要先从认识教育技术边界开始。教育技术是一种客观存在,其边界的划定可以从教育技术本体和实践两个维度进行,教育理念和技术手段的不断变革和进步推动着教育技术边界的不断拓展。教育技术学是一个科学理论体系,不但具有知识属性,还承载着社会属性,并具有明显的“国籍性”。我国教育技术学的学科边界取决于其核心问题的理论关联度和教育技术学的主要研究话题。同时,学科跨界成为教育技术学超越自我的发展动力,这是由教育技术研究问题的复杂性和学科性质决定的。教育技术学应从学科封闭走向学科间性,这既要树立教育技术研究的问题意识,还要加强独立学科意识。学科意识既是学科跨界的起点,也是学科跨界的归宿。     

论STEM教师的专业素养

专业素养是专业能力所蕴含的专业知识、思维方式和价值观。教师核心专业能力是一种被称为基于设计的行动力的综合能力,并非PACK的运用能力,因为PACK不是知识论意义上的知识。基于设计的行动力所蕴含的教师专业素养可以区分为学科素养和设计素养。学科素养蕴含在课程之中,通过课程分析可以使之清晰化;设计素养蕴含在技术性教学设计理论之中。以STEM课程“抓住风:设计风车”为例,STEM教师的学科素养包括掌握课程包含的S.T.E.M.学科知识、能利用课程提供的材料制定一款特定功能的风车、能独立完成不同材料捕捉风能的单因素实验、身体力行地传递科学精神。以“以学习活动为中心的教学设计理论”为例,STEM教师的设计素养包括能基于教学设计的基本观念思考教学设计;能运用知识建模进行学习内容分析,并用“(知识点,学习水平)”方式陈述学习目标;能结合实情和知识建模图组块确立任务类型,并将它们具体化为师生交互过程;拥有足够的FC知识(Facts and Cases),并能够设计新的FC知识;能结合实情和动力设计模型提升教学方案的质量水平;能结合经验设计探究学习的学习支架。     

思想政治教育课教学中的情、理、行环节

本文阐释思想政治教育课教学的三个核心环节 ,并分别对情、理、行的操作要素进行解析 ,因而具有较大的实践意义     

The role of Action Learning in supporting cross-cultural adaptation of international students

ABSTRACT

We explore the reflections of a lecturer using Action Learning (AL) meetings for the dissertation module on a one-year Master’s programme with a predominantly international student cohort. We focus on two concerns: to what extent does AL mitigate against the negative experiences of cross-cultural adaptation? And can we surface and share the learning that occurs when (international) scholars become practitioners and practitioners become (international) scholars? In the AL groups, many students seem more at ease with themselves, others and content in AL meetings than in other sessions. We scrutinised AL and our AL meetings to explore what makes it different and perhaps a better learning experience for the international student. This paper emerged following discussions with David, an e-learning and pedagogic specialist. Before continuing, note that there are two terms discussed in the literature: ‘cross-cultural adjustment’ and ‘cross cultural adaptation’. ‘Adjustment’ refers to minor changes to cope with when facing a new situation, ‘adaptation’ to larger scale changes [Haslberger, Arno, and Chris Brewster. 2007. “Domains of Expatriate Adjustment with Special Emphasis on Work.” Presented at the Cadiz University’s VI International Workshop on Human Resource Management, Jerez, Spain]. We suggest that AL be used more often and earlier with international students.     

Developing deep group reflection within a Critical Reflection Action Learning set

This account of practice describes how a manufacturing company in the North of England transformed their approach to problem-solving and action through the use of a Critical Reflection Action Learning (CRAL) methodology. The company, who had been in business for over 25 years, experienced problems due to a diminishing customer base and substantial changes in customers’ buying behaviour. The account presented here is based on a 12-session CRAL project I carried out as part of my Ph.D. Research at the University of Hull Business School [Shepherd, G. 2011. “An Inductive Exploration of Group Learning and Knowledge Generation through Group Reflection and Psychoanalysis.” PhD Thesis, University of Hull Business School]. This paper describes how the organisation changed the way in which they tackled complex, messy problems through the adoption of a CRAL technique using their own hand-drawn images as the focus for their individual, group and critical reflective efforts. As the action learning set improved their reflective practice, the group began to understand and untangle the complex links between the problems they were experiencing and the way in which the business environment had changed. The group completed the project with a more nuanced appreciation of the problems they experienced and developed their own unique problem-solving style, which mixed reflective questioning with emotional honesty.     

哈萨克非有声语言

非有声语言是通过手势、表情、形体动作、行为，以及其它非语音方式或手段来表达某种意义，完成思想交流，传达感情，达到交际的工具之一．对于有声的哈萨克语来说，它是一种补充，是一种辅助性的交际工具．通常，哈萨克非有声语言可以单独使用；在有的场合，它和有声语言相互配合，以达到交际的目的。哈萨克非有声语言可以分为体态语、行为语、象征语、标志语等若干类型。哈萨克非有声语言同作为有声语言的哈萨克语一样，具有鲜明的民族特点，包含着文化和历史的因素．它作为一种非物质文化遗产理应受到保护．     

民事诉讼目的再探

设定一国民事诉讼目的既不能脱离该国具体司法背景，同时又要能使民事诉讼与仲裁、调解等类似于诉讼的制度在目的上区别开来，结合我国今天正在大力推地的审判方式的改革，以设立民事诉讼制度的客观需要和民事诉讼本质属性与规律为基点来重新思考和设定我国民事诉讼目的，从而用以指导重构我国科学可行的民事审判模式，推动我国的司法改革。     

An action learning approach to the question: are ambulance response time targets achievable?

In recent years, NHS Ambulance Trusts throughout the UK have consistently failed to achieve their response time targets for both actual and potential life-threatening calls. To avoid a media and public outcry, the NHS response has been to change the basic parameters upon which the response time targets are calculated. An action learning study, which considered patient experience from initial response to outcome, concluded that the ambulance service must move away from the nearest crew response model to one which provides a defined multi-organisational service to specific categories of need. A key issue with the learning sets, which were made up of front-line crews, was understanding the Trust-wide picture and where acceptable new procedures could provide economic benefits to the Trust, benefits to the patients and help achieve the response time targets. A simulation model driven by parameters agreed by the action learning sets provided proof that new procedures would generate the required benefits. The learning sets also identified that the public should adjust their expectations to understanding that an immediate front-line ambulance response would only be despatched in life-threatening cases, but there would be alternative slower responses for all other cases.