大学英语四级写作测试语境效度实证研究

大学英语四、六级考试,作为一项大规模的全国性考试,日益受到相关教育部门及社会各界的广泛关注。为了保证考试对考生的英语能力的准确测定以实现对其学习的积极反馈作用,写作测试效度的研究尤为重要。研究基于巴克曼的交际测试理论以及语言测试专家威尔的情景效度理论,将结果研究和过程研究结合起来,通过写作测试、问卷调查、观察、回顾和访谈等多种研究方法收集了多方面数据,着重研究大学英语四级写作测试的效度。通过定量分析和定性分析相结合的方法,研究表明:学生在目前实施的写作测试中表现良好,能够较真实地发挥写作水平。然而,写作测试在考试环境、考试尺度、写作输入、期待答复等方面仍有待提高。同时,超过半数的考生对"情景/观点+题目"的考试形式支持。     

谈验资的法律依据和规范管理

验资是对企业注册资本真实性、合法性的审查验证。必须由具有法定资格的会计师、审计师依法进行验资工作。     

Measurement properties and feasibility of the Loughborough soccer passing test: A systematic review

The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the literature and examine the research methodological quality, measurement properties and feasibility of the Loughborough Soccer Passing Test (LSPT). Databases were searched up to June 2017. Twenty five studies fulfilled the eligibility criteria. The main methodological limitations of the studies were the small sample size and the lack of information on participants and eligibility criteria. Results showed that test-retest reliability of the LSPT was moderate to excellent. Good discriminative validity was found between playing levels and ages. The LSPT was positively correlated with sprint, dribbling, and agility test; however, a weak correlation was established with in-game performance. Test responsiveness (an ability to detect change over time) to some external interventions was observed in studies. Adjusted Cronbach’s alpha (α = 0.67), smallest worthwhile change (SWC = 0.8–3.8) and minimal detectable change (MDC₅₀ = 1.9–11.3) were calculated based on available data. The findings indicate that the LSPT has acceptable test-retest reliability and discriminative validity. However, it may not be a feasible and effective way to interpret the intra-individual change of skill performance in practice. Future work should be undertaken to establish additional measurement properties of the LSPT, and to improve its practical feasibility.     

Judging Anomalies at the 2010 Olympics in Men's Figure Skating

The purpose of this study was to determine if the 2010 Olympic figure skating judges had trouble scoring Plushenko and the transitions program component, and if the International Skating Union's (ISU) “corridor” method flagged the same judging anomalies as the Rasch analyses. A 3-facet (skater by program component by judge) Rasch rating scale analysis was conducted on nine judges' free skate scores for five program components for each of 24 skaters. A principal components analysis of the residuals, and the ISU corridor method were also performed. Some judges were not internally consistent in scoring Plushenko (estimated discrimination index =??0.69; MNSQs ≥ 2.66). The unusual scoring patterns for Judges 1 and 2 warrant further investigation whereas the ISU corridor method did not flag any judges for the way they scored Plushenko and Lysacek. The Rasch analyses appear to be more sensitive to judging anomalies than the ISU corridor method.     

浅析监理工程师对索赔管理的若干原则

在FIDIC合同条件下，监理工程师是施工管理的核心；在索赔管理时，监理工程师要公正、合理及时地处理索赔问题，则必须坚持科学性、时效性、公正性等若干原则。     

How Much Do the Effects of Education and Training Programs Vary Across Sites? Evidence From Past Multisite Randomized Trials

Multisite trials, in which individuals are randomly assigned to alternative treatment arms within sites, offer an excellent opportunity to estimate the cross-site average effect of treatment assignment (intent to treat or ITT) and the amount by which this impact varies across sites. Although both of these statistics are substantively and methodologically important, only the first has been well studied. To help fill this information gap, we estimate the cross-site standard deviation of ITT effects for a broad range of education and workforce development interventions using data from 16 large multisite randomized controlled trials. We use these findings to explore hypotheses about factors that predict the magnitude of cross-site impact variation, and we consider the implications of this variation for the statistical precision of multisite trials.     

运动员社会支持量表编制与检验

编制运动员社会支持量表（SSQA）,检验其信效度和科学性,实现社会支持的定量化评定,为运动员成长成才所需社会支持提供科学依据。运用量表编制的理论与方法形成运动员社会支持预调研量表,对460名运动员实施预调研。通过探索性因素分析形成正式测试量表,对1 056名运动员实施调研,采用验证性因素分析和信效度检验形成正式量表。结果：SSQA包含24个题项,分属教练支持、家庭支持、同伴支持、组织支持、政策舆论支持5个维度,累积解释变异量为68.419%;验证性因素分析表明量表拟合指数理想;SSQA内部一致性系数达0.908,重测系数为0.843,各维度Cronbach α系数和重测系数均达0.7以上;SSQA与效标量表相关系数为0.478,每个题项在各自维度中的负荷量均接近或大于0.6,在其他维度中的负荷量皆小于0.4。验证表明：SSQA具有良好的信度和效度,可以作为运动员社会支持测量的规范量表。     

论交际英语听力测试的效度

交际英语听力测试的主要特点是真实性和题型多样性。本文通过分析交际英语听力测试的理论基础和主要题型,认为它测量了预期要测量的交际能力,具有较高效度,同时探讨了效度和信度的均衡问题。     

Strategies for Assessing Classroom Teaching: Examining Administrator Thinking as Validity Evidence

All 50 states use observations to evaluate practicing teachers, but we know little about how administrators actually reason when they use those observation protocols. Drawing on think-aloud and stimulated recall data, this study describes the types of strategies and warrants practicing administrators used when rating with their district’s observation protocol. Administrators in a large urban district used an observation protocol aligned to Danielson’s Framework for Teaching to rate a brief lesson clip. Administrators’ thinking was recorded, clarified, and inductively coded. Findings suggest administrator thinking and justification is complex even for short lengths of instruction. Administrators used a range of reasoning strategies, many of which were not sanctioned by their training. Exploratory analyses suggest strategy use was not related to the accuracy of ratings. Implications for the validity of teacher observation scores in high-stakes settings are considered.     

青少年道德情感问卷编制

依据道德情感的相关理论,参照国内外已有的相关问卷和量表,编制青少年道德情感问卷,试测结果表明：同情心、自尊心、责任感、羞耻感4个因子共同解释青少年的道德情感;从内部一致性系数来看,各因子的α系数介于0．648—0．755之间,总问卷的α系数为0．708;从结构效度来看,各因子与总问卷之间、各项目与所属因子之间的相关显著。该问卷具有较高的信度和效度,可以作为青少年道德情感的测量工具。