School context and instructional capacity: A comparative study of professional learning communities in rural and urban schools in China

This study examines the teaching gap between rural and urban schools in China from the perspective of teacher professional learning communities (PLCs). Drawing on in-depth interviews with 36 primary school teachers, the study finds striking disparities between rural and urban schools in the working of Teaching and Research Groups (TRGs). These disparities in TRGs result in divergent patterns of instructional capacity building in rural and urban schools. The evidence shows that teaching and teachers are strongly shaped by the school organizational context. It suggests that strengthening school-wide PLCs is an important way of narrowing the rural-urban teaching and learning gaps.     

本科教学改革的系统思考——以“高考不分文理”改革目标为背景

"高考不分文理"将为大学推进本科教学改革和实施通识教育带来契机。本文以"高考不分文理"改革目标为背景,运用系统思考原理,讨论了大学本科教学改革的成长上限,揭示了本科教学改革的高杠杆解,并尝试提出了本科教学改革的路径:把课程实施大纲作为本科教学改革的高杠杆解,通过推行课程实施大纲,分三步持续推进本科教学改革,实现本科通识教育的改革目标。     

Epidemiological pattern of bullying using a multi-assessment approach: Results from the Bullying and Youth Mental Health Naples Study (BYMHNS)

BackgroundBullying is a widespread phenomenon that has captured attention from mental health researchers. Several studies have assessed bullying prevalence with some methodological concerns.ObjectivesPreliminary, we analyzed the psychometric properties of two bullying scales for victimization (the multidimensional peer victimization scale – MPVS) and for perpetration (the bully subscale of the Illinois bully scale – IBS-B); then, we estimated bullying prevalence; finally, we evaluated the effect of gender and classroom on the phenomenon.Participants and setting2959 students from the metropolitan city of Naples constituted the sample.MethodsData collection was obtained using a multi-assessment approach that included both single-item questions and intensity scales in order to compare the two methods.ResultsThe two scales resulted valid and showed good reliability. The MPVS displayed a 1-factor second order model. The IBS-B had a mono-factorial structure. Both showed full invariance for gender and classroom. Prevalence of victimization was 37% whereas that for perpetration was 21%. As expected we obtained several bullying prevalence results depending on the specificity of questions and in particular repetitiveness of episodes. There was a good correspondence between results of single-item questions and multi-item scales. Finally results demonstrated several differences for gender and classroom attended.ConclusionIn this epidemiological study the multi-assessment approach identified different but complementary features of bullying phenomena. The use of the two measurement approaches allowed us to obtain more precise and exhaustive information on bullying prevalence and compare it with previous findings.     

Using pig die and simulation to explore probability and expected values

We present a variant of the Game of Pig to introduce the concepts of probability, simulation and expected value.     

Teaching principles of inference with ANOVA

Analysis of variance (ANOVA) is a test of mean differences, but the reference to variances in the name is often overlooked. Classroom activities are presented to illustrate how ANOVA works with emphasis on how to think critically about inferential reasoning.     

运筹学教学与数学建模思想的融合

文中主要阐述了运筹学与数学建模的内在联系，说明了将运筹学教学与数学建模思想相结合的教学改革是非常必要的，是加强理论联系实际、提高学生学习兴趣、培养学生实际应用能力的一个有效途径。     

The debate over the National Curriculum for history in England and Wales, 198990: the role of the press

The construction of a history curriculum for England and for Wales under the terms of the 1988 Education Reform Act occasioned more debate in the media than any other subject in the National Curriculum. The links between the content of a history syllabus and perceptions within both nations of the part this plays in moulding national spirit made this inevitable. The disparity of view between the two groups charged with devising the syllabus and the government, particularly the Prime Minister, heightened the tension. This article explores the way in which consequent political, professional and public discussion was covered in the whole range of national newspapers. It is argued that the failure of the London press to comprehend the situation in Wales reduced significantly its appreciation of the processes involved in the making of the history curriculum.     

浅谈语文教学中的创新教育

语文教学中要培养学生的创新精神，就要充分挖掘学生的想象力，培养学生大胆设想、大胆尝试的能力。这些能力的培养就对老师的课堂教学提出了更高的要求，要大胆抛弃传统的教学模式，大胆创新。     

新疆高职高专工商管理专业教学改革与思考

高职高专教育要适应经济和社会发展的需要，必须提高自身的创新能力，不断深化教学改革。本文就新疆高职高专在技术应用型人才的培养中，工商管理专业教学改革面临的机遇和挑战，以及目前存在的问题等进行了阐述，并提出了设想与方案。     

《大学物理》课程教学方法探讨

从抓好教学的各个环节和提高学生能力入手，从四个方面阐述了如何有效地组织好《大学物理》课程的教学、如何对大学物理教学方法进行改革。