Concept integration of document databases using different indexing languages

An integrated information retrieval system generally contains multiple databases that are inconsistent in terms of their content and indexing. This paper proposes a rough set-based transfer (RST) model for integration of the concepts of document databases using various indexing languages, so that users can search through the multiple databases using any of the current indexing languages. The RST model aims to effectively create meaningful transfer relations between the terms of two indexing languages, provided a number of documents are indexed with them in parallel. In our experiment, the indexing concepts of two databases respectively using the Thesaurus of Social Science (IZ) and the Schlagwortnormdatei (SWD) are integrated by means of the RST model. Finally, this paper compares the results achieved with a cross-concordance method, a conditional probability based method and the RST model.     

主题标引过程的符号语言学分析--主题标引过程步骤

本文阐述了主题标引过程的三个步骤与四个要素，概述了符号语言学的基本情况，重点讨论了主题标引过程的三个步骤的本质，即文献分析、主题描述和主题分析。     

基于文献类型矫正影响因子在信息科学与图书馆学期刊中的实证分析

【目的】基于不同文献类型,对信息科学与图书馆学期刊的5年影响因子（5IF）进行矫正,以期明确基于文献类型矫正影响因子在信息科学与图书馆学期刊中的应用价值。 【方法】 以SSCI信息科学与图书馆学30种期刊为研究对象,在分析文献类型的基础上,提出5种矫正5IF,传统5IF也由计算获得;将各刊的传统5IF、矫正5IF与总被引频次、2年影响因子、特征因子、SJR值、SNIP值做Spearman相关性分析。【结果】 各矫正5IF与传统5IF在期刊评价中有较强的一致性,各矫正5IF之间也有强相关性;传统5IF和各矫正5IF与期刊其他各评价指标间均呈显著正相关,且相关系数差异很小。【结论】基于文献类型矫正影响因子的方法不建议应用于信息科学与图书馆学期刊。     

Enhancing evidence-based argumentation in a Mainland China middle school

While discourse-based educational approaches have become an object of increasing interest in Western countries, they are largely unknown in countries such as China that are characterized by a strong centralized government with limited encouragement of dissent. In the present study, 54 11–12 year-old Chinese students participated in an extended discourse-based curriculum that has been found successful in Western countries in developing skills of both dialogic and individual written argument. Although the curriculum involves activities unfamiliar to Chinese students, they easily became engaged and showed significant gains in post-intervention essays on both the curriculum topics and new ones. An additional component newly added to the curriculum involved explicit reflection on the relations between a claim and evidence and proved effective in enhancing gains relative to a comparison group not experiencing this addition. Underlying mechanisms in the transfer from dialogic to individual skill are considered, and issues with respect to culture and education are addressed.     

Acts of responding. Teachers’ written comments and students’ text revisions

ABSTRACT

This article addresses written feedback to students’ drafts and provides insight into teachers’ formative assessment practices. Data are taken from a large cross-disciplinary project on writing and assessment in Norway and comprises a sample of 7th graders’ writing processes from 11 schools. Teachers’ comments are categorised according to different acts of responding, drawing on theories of language acts. The study also focuses what teachers comment on, and selected examples from students’ revisions illustrate how teachers’ comments are handled. Findings show that a majority of the teacher comments are directive acts, pointing to specific textual aspects – and quite seldom in a dialogic way. The directives constitute a continuum illustrating different degrees of teacher control. Constatives are frequent, but do not necessarily contain facilitating explanations. The timing of the response stands out as a critical factor. The discussion underlines a need for writing instruction that invites students to revisions and involves teachers and students in active dialogues on text.     

“写长法”对大学英语教学改革的启示

我国二语习得专家王初明教授首倡的外语＂写长法＂教学理念近年来得到了国内很多高校的推崇。＂写长法＂的核心理念和操作原则对大学英语教学改革有一定的启示意义。     

素质教育融入语文教学探讨

文章重点阐述了如何把素质教育融入语文教学,指出了在语文教学中应该遵循的一些原则,并结合实际教学活动,论述了语文教学中几种有针对性的素质培养方法。     

Historical view of the influences of measurement and writing theories on the practice of writing assessment in the United States

The purpose of this study is to examine the interactions among measurement theories, writing theories, and writing assessments in the United States from an historical perspective. The assessment of writing provides a useful framework for examining how theories influence, and in some cases fail to influence actual practice. Two research traditions are described to classify measurement theories (test-score and scaling), and three research traditions are proposed for classifying writing theories (form, idea and content, and sociocultural context). The results of this study trace the impact of measurement and writing traditions on writing assessment practices within selected time periods during the 20th century in the United States. One of the major findings of this historical analysis is that measurement theory has had a strong influence on writing assessments, while writing theory has had minimal influence on writing assessments. We also found support for the idea that a new discipline of writing assessment has emerged. This new discipline combines multiple fields including the writing, composition, and measurement communities of scholars, and it has the potential to set the stage for the future of writing assessment in the 21st century.     

漫谈“读”与“写”

论述了21世纪国人的“读”与“写”问题：汉语语文的独特性;其发展演变与历史反思;中华文化的伟大复兴与基础教育中“语文改革”的关键;普通人的读书、写作要求等。     

汉语书信写作楷式

书信写作,大要有三：结构有序、用语恰当、书写谦恭。信封的撰写,包括收信者地址的写法,收信者姓名的写法,寄信者地址、姓名的写法和托人传送信的写法。本文旨在接续因某种历史原因而割断的汉语书信写作优良传统,提升读者的书信写作水平,更好地发挥书信在华人社会中的交际功能。